Copyright: HAC DOS (c) 1994 by Chet Langin


HAC DOS
HAC 1.02

HAC DOS

Required skill:  Ability to use Windows Help System, which this is.  Suggestion:  Select one of the books below.


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Before

Before:

HAC DOS is copyrighted, 1994, by Chet Langin, Langin Software, 532 W. 3rd Street, Centralia, IL 62801-5407, USA.

All rights reserved.  No warranty is expressed or implied.  See trademarks.

HAC stands for HyperActive Components.

It is Hyper because it uses hypertext.

It is Active because it includes the latest information which is popularly available.

It is Components because it can be integrated with other software.

Go to During.


During

During:

HAC DOS is laid out like a reference book, to see the detailed table of contents, go to HAC DOS Detailed Contents.

However, one can also use the Search button to find information on individual commands, switches, and topics.

See illustration.

This can involve three steps...

Step 1:  Type in what you want to look up in the glossary.

Step 2:  Select one of the listed keywords.

Step 3:  Select one of the listed topics.

Go to After.


After

After:

The best way to get the latest and most complete version of  HAC DOS is to register it.  Future versions will contain corrections and refinements, if needed, and may contain updates.

You can also order other components.  For descriptions, see HAC Help During.

To obtain the latest version of HAC DOS, send $9.95 plus $4.00 shipping and handling to...

HAC DOS

Langin Software

532 W. 3rd St.

Centralia, IL  62801-5407  USA

Or select Order Form to order a component.


Order Form

Print order form.

HAC DOS Order Form

Your Name: 	_______________________________________

Address: 	_______________________________________

Address: 	_______________________________________

City, State, Zip: 	_______________________________________

Ordering Fees:

Item	Price	Number	Extension
HAC DOS*	$9.95	________	________
HAC Glossary*	$9.95	________	________
Shipping/Handling			$4.00
Total Amount Due			________

*Notes:  HAC Help is sent free with the order of any other
 component.  Orders are sent on 3.5-inch, high-density disks.

Send to:

Langin Software
532 W. 3rd St.
Centralia, IL  62801-5407 USA


What's New

What's New:

HAC DOS is the evolution of a previous series of programs called DosEA.  Most of the information in DosEA is in HAC DOS.  However, the philosophy has changed in three ways.  (1) The presentation is now in Windows because of the widespread availability of the convenient Windows Help System.  (2) HAC DOS is not dumbed down for struggling neophytes, but is, rather, a straightforward presentation of information for experienced computer users who simply want to look something up.  (3) HAC DOS is based on a component paradigm which can tie it into other help files not directly related to DOS.

Any DosEA material in HAC DOS has been updated to DOS version 6.22.  Some comparisons to Unix commands have been made.  Also, the following new material has been added:  special keys,   DOS Windows commands, DOS non-Windows commands, DOS device drivers, other DOS files, DOS redirection, and DOS interrupts.  A detailed list of variations of DOS versions has been added.  Finally, the Macro Starter Kit, formerly a separate product, has been included.

In explanations of individual commands, Microsoft help, if it exists, can be accessed.  Some of the commands can be tried out from HAC DOS.  A massive reference to command parameters and switches can be accessed via the Search button.  Also, if one has the HAC Glossary, technical words describing commands can be looked up immediately.


ANSI
ANSI	"American National Standards Institute"

Type	Device Driver.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Provides special video screen text capabilities.

ANSI.SYS uses special codes which begin with an escape sequence that consists of the <Esc> key and the left bracket ([).  The escape sequence is usually designated in print like this:  ESC[.  However, it cannot be used by simply pressing the <Esc> key and the [ key.  The easiest way is to use the $e parameter of the PROMPT command, like this, $e[, followed by the rest of the code, which you can look up in the Microsoft Help, below, if you want to.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
ANSI.SYS	2.1	1,664
ANSI.SYS	3.3	1,678
ANSI.SYS	4.01	9,105
ANSI.SYS	5.0	9,029
ANSI.SYS	6.0	9,065
ANSI.SYS	6.2	9,065
ANSI.SYS	6.22	9,065
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/K	5.0	Ignores extended keys.
/R	6.0	Improves readability for some systems.
/X	4.0	Allows extended keys to be accessed individually.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Extended Keys

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


APPEND
APPEND	"APPEND"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 3.2, PC-DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Confuses the locations of files.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with ASSIGN, JOIN, and SUBST.

Filename	Version	Size
APPEND.EXE	3.3	5,794
APPEND.EXE	4.01	11,154
APPEND.EXE	5.0	10,774
APPEND.EXE	6.0	10,774
APPEND.EXE	6.2	10,774
APPEND.EXE	6.22	10,774
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/E	3.3	Put in DOS environment.
/PATH:OFF	4.0	Do not search for files with pathnames.
/PATH:ON	4.0	Do search for files with pathnames.
/X	3.3	Extends path.
/X:OFF	4.0	Disable path.
/X:ON	4.0	Enable path.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Environment
File
Path
Pathname

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


ASSIGN
ASSIGN	"ASSIGN"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Confuses the names of disk drives.

Compare with APPEND, JOIN, and SUBST.

Filename	Version	Size
ASSIGN.COM	2.1	896
ASSIGN.COM	3.3	1,530
ASSIGN.COM	4.01	5,753
ASSIGN.COM	5.0	6,399

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.
/S	5.0 only	Same as /STATUS.
/STA	5.0 only	Same as /STATUS.
/STATUS	5.0 only	List current assignments.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk Drive

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


ATTRIB
ATTRIB	"ATTRIBute"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Views and changes file attributes.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
ATTRIB.EXE	3.3	10,656
ATTRIB.EXE	4.01	18,263
ATTRIB.EXE	5.0	15,796
ATTRIB.EXE	6.0	11,165
ATTRIB.EXE	6.2	11,208
ATTRIB.EXE	6.22	11,208
Parameter	Version	Purpose
,	4.0	Unsets archive and read-only bits (undocumented).
,	5.0	Unsets all bits (undocumented).
/?	5.0	Help.
+A	3.0	Sets archive bit.
-A	3.0	Unsets archive bit.
+H	5.0	Sets hidden bit.
-H	5.0	Unsets hidden bit.
+R	3.0	Sets read-only bit.
-R	3.0	Unsets read-only bit.
+S	5.0	Sets system bit.
-S	5.0	Unsets system bit.
/S	4.0	Subdirectories included.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Attribute Byte
File
File Attributes
Subdirectory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


BACKUP
BACKUP	"BACKUP"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Backs up hard disks.

Compare with RESTORE and MSBACKUP.

Filename	Version	Size
BACKUP.COM	2.1	3,687
BACKUP.COM	3.3	30,280
BACKUP.COM	4.01	36,880
BACKUP.EXE	5.0	36,092

Discontinued.  Replaced by MSBACKUP.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.
/A	2.0-5.0	Adds files to backup disk instead of erasing the disk.
/D:date	2.0-5.0	Only files since "date".
/F	3.3-5.0	Format target disk.
/F:size	4.0-5.0	Format target disk in size which can be one of the following...
	4.0-5.0	160 - 160K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	160K - 160K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	160KB - 160K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	180 - 180K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	180K - 180K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	180KB - 180K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	320 - 320K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	320K - 320K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	320KB - 320K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	360 - 360K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	360K - 360K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	360KB - 360K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	720 - 720K double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	720K - 720K double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	720KB - 720K double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1200 - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1200K - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1200KB - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1.2 - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1.2M - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1.2MB - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1440 - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1440K - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1440KB - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1.44 - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1.44M - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0-5.0	1.44MB - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0 only	2880 - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0 only	2880K - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0 only	2880KB - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0 only	2.88 - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0 only	2.88M - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0 only	2.88MB - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
/L	2.0-5.0	Logs backups.
/L[:pathname]	2.0-5.0	Logs backups.
/M	2.0-5.0	Modified files.
/P	2.0-3.2	Pack files.
/S	2.0-5.0	Subdirectories.
/T:time	2.0-5.0	Act on files since "time".

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Backup Disk
File
Format
Hard Disk
K and KB
M and MB
Subdirectory
Target Disk

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


BASIC
BASIC	"Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	PC-DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	The easiest programming language.

Compare with BASICA and QBASIC.

Filename	Version	Size
BASIC.COM	2.1	16,256
BASIC.COM	3.3	1,063
BASIC.PIF	3.3	369

Discontinued.  Replaced by QBASIC.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Symbolic

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


BASICA
BASICA	"BASIC, Advanced"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	PC-DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Another version of BASIC.

Compare with BASIC and QBASIC.

Filename	Version	Size
ART.BAS	2.1	1,920
BALL.BAS	2.1	2,048
BASICA.COM	2.1	26,112
CIRCLE.BAS	2.1	1,664
COLORBAR.BAS	2.1	1,536
COMM.BAS	2.1	4,352
DONKEY.BAS	2.1	3,584
MORTGAGE.BAS	2.1	6,272
MUSIC.BAS	2.1	10,291
MUSICA.BAS	2.1	15,072
PIECHART.BAS	2.1	2,304
SAMPLES.BAS	2.1	3,067
SPACE.BAS	2.1	1,920
ART.BAS	3.3	6,404
BALL.BAS	3.3	1,966
BASICA.COM	3.3	36,403
BASICA.PIF	3.3	369
BTERM.BAS	3.3	10,066
CIRCLE.BAS	3.3	1,643
COLORBAR.BAS	3.3	1,427
COMM.BAS	3.3	4,254
DONKEY.BAS	3.3	3,572
IBAS.BAS	3.3	4,623
MORTGAGE.BAS	3.3	6,178
MUSIC.BAS	3.3	8,575

Discontinued.  Replaced by QBASIC.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Symbolic

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


BREAK
BREAK	"BREAK"

Type	DOS prompt command, and CONFIG.SYS command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Determines when a program can be stopped.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
OFF	2.0	Turn BREAK off.
ON	2.0	Turn BREAK on.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Program

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


BUFFERS
BUFFERS	"BUFFERS"

Type	CONFIG.SYS command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Specifies number of disk buffers.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/X	4.0 only	Use expanded memory.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Buffer
Expanded Memory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CALL
CALL	"CALL"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Allows one batch file to call another one.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with COMMAND /C.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Batch File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CD
CD	"CHange DIRectory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Helps to organize a disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CHDIR, MD, MKDIR, RD, and RMDIR.

Unix also has a cd command.  A similar command in Unix is pwd, for present working directory.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Disk
Working Directory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CHCP
CHCP	"CHange Code Page"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	For international use.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with COUNTRY, DISPLAY, KEYB, MODE, NLSFUNC, and SELECT.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Code Page

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CHDIR
CHDIR	"CHange DIRectory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Helps to organize a disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CD, MD, MKDIR, RD, and RMDIR.

In Unix, this command is abbreviated to cd.  A similar command in Unix is pwd, for present working directory.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Disk

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CHKDSK
CHKDSK	"CHecK DiSK"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Finds file fragments.

New with 6.2:  Commas are used in the numbers during output to increase readability.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with SCANDISK.

Filename	Version	Size
CHKDSK.COM	2.1	6,400
CHKDSK.COM	3.3	9,819
CHKDSK.COM	4.01	17,787
CHKDSK.EXE	5.0	16,200
CHKDSK.EXE	6.0	12,907
CHKDSK.EXE	6.2	12,241
CHKDSK.EXE	6.22	12,241
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/F	2.0	Fix errors.
/V	2.0	Verbose listing.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk
File Fragment

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CHOICE
CHOICE	"CHOICE"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Allows a batch file to ask a question.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
CHOICE.COM	6.0	1,754
CHOICE.COM	6.2	1,754
CHOICE.COM	6.22	1,754
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/Ckeys	6.0	Designates keys to use.
/C:keys	6.0	Same as /Ckeys.
/N	6.0	No prompt.
/S	6.0	Case sensitive.
/Tc,nn	6.0	Timer defaults to c character after nn number of seconds.
/T:c,nn	6.0	Same as /Tc,nn.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Batch File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CLS
CLS	"CLear Screen"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Clears the screen.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.


COMMAND
COMMAND	"COMMAND"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	This command contains and process the internal commands, which see, below. It is also used in programming.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
COMMAND.COM	2.1	17,792
COMMAND.COM	3.3	25,308
COMMAND.COM	4.01	37,557
COMMAND.COM	5.0	47,845
COMMAND.COM	6.0	52,925
COMMAND.COM	6.2	54,619
COMMAND.COM	6.22	54,645
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/C command	2.0	Loads copy of COMMAND.COM, executes command and then exits copy of COMMAND.COM.  Allows one batch file to run a second batch file and return to the first.  Replaced for this usage by the CALL command in version 3.3.  In version 6.2, allows usage of /Y switch to step through batch files.
/E:nnnnn	3.2	DOS environment size.
/K command	6.0	Use the PIF Editor in Windows to place this on the command line in the DOSPRMPT.PIF file.  Command will be run when the MS-DOS icon is selected, then the DOS prompt will be displayed.
/MSG	5.0	Store messages in memory.
/P	2.0	Permanently loads COMMAND.
/Y	6.2	When used with /C or /K, steps through batch files one line at a time (used for debugging batch files).

This command contains and processes the following internal commands...

BREAK

CD

CHCP

CHDIR

CLS

COPY

CTTY

DATE

DEL

DIR

ERASE

EXIT

LH

LOADHIGH

MD

MKDIR

PATH

PROMPT

RD

REN

RENAME

RMDIR

SET

TIME

TRUENAME

TYPE

VER

VERIFY

VOL

This command also contains and processes the following batch file commands...

CALL

ECHO

FOR

GOTO

IF

PAUSE

REM

SHIFT

While the following CONFIG.SYS commands are internal, they are not handled by the COMMAND command.  Rather, they are handled by the IO.SYS file when the computer is turned on.

BREAK

BUFFERS

DEVICE

           	DEVICEHIGH

DOS

DRIVPARM

FCBS

FILES

INCLUDE

INSTALL

LASTDRIVE

MENUCOLOR

MENUDEFAULT

MENUITEM

NUMLOCK

REM

SET

SHELL

STACKS

SUBMENU

SWITCHES

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Batch File
Debug
DOS Environment
DOS Prompt
Icon
Memory
PIF Editor
Programming
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


COMP
COMP	"COMPare"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	PC-DOS 1.0, MS-DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Compares two files.

Compare with DISKCOMP and FC.

Filename	Version	Size
COMP.COM	2.1	2,534
COMP.COM	3.3	4,183
COMP.COM	4.01	9,459
COMP.EXE	5.0	14,282

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.
/A	5.0 only	ASCII files.
/C	5.0 only	Case will be ignored.
/D	5.0 only	Decimal files.
/L	5.0 only	Display line numbers.
/N=number	5.0 only	Compare first "number" of lines.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

ASCII
File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


COPY
COPY	"COPY"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Copies files.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DISKCOPY, MOVE,and XCOPY.

The Unix counterpart of this command is cp, for copy.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
+	1.0	Appends files.
/A	1.0	An ASCII file.
/B	1.0	Binary file.
/V	1.0	Verify copy.
/Y	6.2	Does not prompt you if you are overwriting an existing file.
/-Y	6.2	Does prompt you if you are overwriting an existing file.  Use this to override a setting in the COPYCMD environment variable.

COPYCMD Environment Variable, Version 6.2

The COPYCMD environment variable is optional.  You do not have to use it, at all.  If you do use it, it also applies to the XCOPY and MOVE commands.

You can use the COPYCMD environment variable to change the default settings for the /Y and /-Y switches.  There are two issues:  (1) When the COPY command is used in a batch file, by default, it does not warn you when a file is about to be overwritten; and, (2) when the COPY command is not used in a batch file, by default, it does warn you.

If you want to change the default setting so that DOS does warn you, whether the COPY command is used in a batch file or not, put...

set copycmd=/-y

...in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.  (See SET.)

If you want to change the default setting so that DOS does not warn you, whether the COPY command command is used in a batch file or not, put...

set copycmd=/y

...in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

No matter how COPYCMD is set, you can override it with the /Y and /-Y switches.  For example, suppose that you have set copycmd=/y in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, but in one case want to be warned, anyway.  Enter the command like this...

copy source destination /-y

...and the /-y switch will override the COPYCMD setting.

Suppose that you have set copycmd=/-y in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, but in one case do not warned to be warned.  Enter the command like this...

copy source destination /y

...and the /y switch will override the COPYCMD setting.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

ASCII
AUTOEXEC.BAT
Batch File
Binary
Environment Variable
File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


COUNTRY


COUNTRY


COUNTRY
COUNTRY	"COUNTRY"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 2.1, PC-DOS 3.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Sets how date, time, and currency is displayed.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CHCP, KEYB, DISPLAY, MODE, NLSFUNC and SELECT.

Filename	Version	Size
COUNTRY.SYS	3.3	11,285
COUNTRY.SYS	4.01	12,806
COUNTRY.SYS	5.0	17,069
COUNTRY.SYS	6.0	17,066
COUNTRY.SYS	6.2	19,546
COUNTRY.SYS	6.22	26,936
COUNTRY.TXT	6.22	13,091
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/xx	MS 2.1 only	xx was a country code number somewhat similar to /xxx below.  However, the codes were not consistent among manufacturers and the xx format is obsolete.
/xxx	3.0	xxx is a country code number which happens to be the same as the country's international dialing prefix.  Valid entries are listed below...
	3.0	001 - United States.
	3.3	002 - Canadian French.
	3.3	003 - Latin America.
	6.22	004 - Canada English.
	6.22	007 - Russia.
	6.22	027 - South Africa.
	6.22	030 - Greece.
	3.0	031 - Netherlands.
	3.0	032 - Belgium.
	3.0	033 - France.
	3.0	034 - Spain.
	5.0	036 - Hungary.
	6.0	038 - Croatia.
	6.0	038 - Serbia.
	6.0	038 - Slovenia.
	6.22	038 - Yugoslavia Cyrillic.
	5.0	038 - Yugoslavia.
	3.0	039 - Italy.
	6.22	040 - Romania.
	3.0	041 - Switzerland.
	6.0	042 - Czech Republic.
	5.0	042 - Czechoslovakia.
	6.0	042 - Slovakia.
	6.22	043 - Austria.
	3.0	044 - United Kingdom.
	3.0	045 - Denmark.
	3.0	046 - Sweden.
	3.0	047 - Norway.
	5.0	048 - Poland.
	3.0	049 - Germany.
	6.22	052 - Mexico.
	6.22	054 - Argentina.
	5.0	055 - Brazil.
	6.22	056 - Chile.
	6.22	057 - Columbia.
	6.22	058 - Venezuela.
	6.22	060 - Malaysia.
	3.0	061 - English (International).
	6.22	064 - New Zealand.
	6.22	065 - Singapore.
	4.0	081 - Japan.
	4.0	082 - Korea.
	4.0	086 - Peoples Republic of China.
	4.0	088 - Taiwan.
	6.22	090 - Turkey.
	6.22	091 - India.
	3.3	351 - Portugal.
	6.22	353 - Ireland.
	6.22	354 - Iceland.
	6.22	355 - Albania.
	3.0	358 - Finland.
	6.22	359 - Bulgaria.
	6.22	381 - Serbia/Montenegro.
	6.22	386 - Slovenia.
	6.22	389 - Macedonia.
	6.22	421 - Slovakia.
	6.22	484 - Croatia.
	6.22	387 - Bosnia/Herzegovina.
	6.22	593 - Ecuador.
	3.3	785 - Arabia.
	6.22	852 - Hong Kong.
	6.22	886 - Taiwan.
	3.0	972 - Israel.
/yyy	3.3	yyy is a three-digit number which specifies a code page (character set).  The following code pages are available, each with an example country of where it might be used...
	3.3	437 - United States alternate.
	6.2	737 - Greek.
	3.3	850 - United States multilingual.
	5.0	852 - Eastern European.
	6.22	855 - Cyrillic I.
	6.2	857 - Turkish.
	3.3	860 - Portugal.
	6.2	861 - Icelandic.
	6.22	862 - Hebrew
	3.3	863 - Canadian French.
	6.22	864 - Arabic
	3.3	865 - Denmark.
	6.22	866 - Russia (Cyrillic II).
	6.2	869 - Greek.
	4.0	932 - Japan.
	4.0	934 - Korea.
	4.0	936 - Peoples Republic of China.
	4.0	938 - Taiwan.

The following table shows date and time formats for the countries supported by DOS in version 6.22...

Type	Date	Time
Arabic	dd/mm/yyyy	h:mm:ss,hhp
Belgium	dd/mm/yyyy	hh:mm:ss
Brazil	dd/mm/yyyy	hh:mm:ss
Canadian French	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss,hh
China	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss.hh
Czechoslovakia	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss
Denmark	dd-mm-yyyy	hh.mm.ss
English (International)	dd-mm-yyyy	h:mm:ss.hhp
Finland	dd.mm.yyyy	hh.mm.ss
France	dd.mm.yyyy	hh:mm:ss
Germany	dd.mm.yyyy	hh.mm.ss
Hungary	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss
Israel	dd mm yyyy	hh:mm:ss.hh
Italy	dd/mm/yyyy	hh:mm:ss
Japan	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss.hh
Korea	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss.hh
Latin America	dd/mm/yyyy	h:mm:ss.hhp
Netherlands	dd-mm-yyyy	hh:mm:ss
Norway	dd.mm.yyyy	hh.mm.ss
Poland	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss
Portugal	dd/mm/yyyy	hh:mm:ss
Spain	dd/mm/yyyy	hh:mm:ss
Sweden	yyyy-mm-dd	hh.mm.ss
Switzerland	dd.mm.yyyy	hh,mm,ss
Taiwan	mm-dd-yyyy	hh:mm:ss.hh
United Kingdom	dd-mm-yyyy	hh:mm:ss.hh
United States	mm-dd-yyyy	h:mm:ss.hhp
Yugoslavia	yyyy-mm-dd	hh:mm:ss

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Character Set
Code Page
Country Code

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


CTTY
CTTY	"Change TeleTYpe"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Requires expertise.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Teletype

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DATE
DATE	"DATE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Views and changes the date.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with TIME.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.


DBLSPACE


DBLSPACE
DBLSPACE	"DouBLe SPACE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0-6.2, 6.22.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Compresses files on disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DRVSPACE.

Similar Unix commands are compress and uncompress.

Filename	Version	Size
DBLSPACE.BIN	6.0	51,214
DBLSPACE.EXE	6.0	274,484
DBLSPACE.HLP	6.0	72,169
DBLSPACE.INF	6.0	2,178
DBLSPACE.SYS	6.0	339
DBLWIN.HLP	6.0	8,597
DBLSPACE.BIN	6.2	64,246
DBLSPACE.EXE	6.2	177,034
DBLSPACE.HLP	6.2	80,724
DBLSPACE.INF	6.2	2,620
DBLSPACE.SYS	6.2	22,502
DBLWIN.HLP	6.2	8,597
DBLSPACE.BIN	6.22	64,246
DBLSPACE.EXE	6.22	181,840
DBLSPACE.HLP	6.22	91,957
DBLSPACE.INF	6.22	2,620
DBLSPACE.SYS	6.22	22,502
DBLWIN.HLP	6.22	8,444

Discontinued in 6.21, but back in 6.22, although DRVSPACE should be used, instead.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Help.
/ALL	6.0-6.2, 6.22	With /RATIO, indicates that you want to change the ratios for all the compressed drives.
/AUTOMOUNT	6.2, 6.22 only	Sets which drives to automatically mount.
/CHK	6.0 only	Same as /CHKDSK.
/CHKDSK	6.0 only	Checks a (disk) drive.
/COM	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /COMPRESS.
/COMPRESS	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Compresses an existing drive.
/CR	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /CREATE.
/CREATE	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Creates a new compressed drive.
/DOUBLEGUARD	6.2 only	Enables or disables DoubleGuard, a program which protects the DBLSPACE command in memory from other programs.
/DEFRAGMENT	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Defragments a compressed drive.
/DEL	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /DELETE.
/DELETE	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Deletes a compressed drive.
/F	6.0-6.2, 6.22	This switch performs differently depending upon which other switches are used.  Used alone, it is the same as /FORMAT.  With /COMPRESS, suppresses the display of the final screen.  With /DEFRAGMENT, does a more full defragmentation.  With /CHKDSK (6.0, only), fixes errors.
/FORMAT	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Formats a drive.
/HOST	6.2 only	Changes the host's drive letter.
/INFO	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Gives information about a drive.
/L	6.0 only	Same as /LIST.
/LASTDRIVE	6.2, 6.22 only	Sets the highest drive letter available as a compressed drive.
/LI	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /LIST.
/LIST	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Lists available drives.
/MAXFILEFRAGMENTS		(6.2, 6.22)  Sets the maximum file fragments allowed for all mounted compressed drives.
/MAXREMOVABLEDRIVES		(6.2, 6.22)  Sets the maximum number of removable compressed drives allowed.
/MO	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /MOUNT.
/MOUNT	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Mounts a drive.
/MOVE	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Moves DBLSPACE.BIN to higher memory.
/N	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /NEWDRIVE.
/NEW	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /NEWDRIVE.
/NEWDRIVE	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Sets the drive letter of a new drive.
/NOHMA	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Prevents DBLSPACE.BIN from going to high memory.
/RA	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /RATIO.
/RATIO	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Resets the estimated ratio.
/RE	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /RESERVE.
/RES	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /RESERVE.
/RESERVE	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Sets the amount of uncompressed reserved space.
/ROMSERVER	6.2, 6.22	Determines whether a ROM (read-only memory) compression interface server is looked for.
/SI	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Same as /SIZE.
/SIZE	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Sets or changes the size of a drive.
/SWITCHES	6.2, 6.22	Sets whether <CTRL><F5> and <CTRL><F8> keys work when the computer is started to disable DBLSPACE.
/UNCOMPRESS	6.2, 6.22	Uncompresses a drive.
/UNMOUNT	6.0-6.2, 6.22	Unmounts a compressed drive.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Compress
Defragment
Drive
File Fragment
Format
High Memory
Memory
Mount
Program
ROM

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DEBUG
DEBUG	"DEBUG"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Used in programming.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
DEBUG.COM	2.1	11,904
DEBUG.COM	3.3	15,866
DEBUG.COM	4.01	21,574
DEBUG.EXE	5.0	20,634
DEBUG.EXE	6.0	15,715
DEBUG.EXE	6.2	15,718
DEBUG.EXE	6.22	15,718
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.2	Help.
?	5.0 only	Displays help.

While running, DEBUG uses a hyphen (-) prompt.

These are the codes in force while DEBUG is running...

? - Help

A - Assemble

C - Compare

D - Dump

E - Enter

F - Fill

G - Go

H - Hex

I - Input

L - Load

M - Move

N - Name

O - Output

P - Proceed

Q - Quit

R - Register

S - Search

T - Trace

U - Unassemble

W - Write

XA - Allocate Expanded Memory

XD - Deallocate Expanded Memory

XM - Map Expanded Memory Pages

XS - Display Expanded Memory Status

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Assemble
Debug
Dump
Expanded Memory
Hex
Memory Page
Programming
Prompt
Register
Trace
Unassemble

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DEFRAG
DEFRAG	"DEFRAGment"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Defragments a disk.

New with 6.2:  Extended memory is used more efficiently so that larger disks can be defragmented.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
DEFRAG.EXE	6.0	75,033
DEFRAG.HLP	6.0	9,227
DEFRAG.EXE	6.2	79,177
DEFRAG.HLP	6.2	9,227
DEFRAG.EXE	6.22	79,065
DEFRAG.HLP	6.22	9,227
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/B	6.0	For Boot.  Restarts the computer after defragmenting.
/BW	6.0	For a black-and-white display.
/F	6.0	Does not leave empty spaces between files.
/G0	6.0	Disables some graphics.
/H	6.0	Also moves hidden files.
/LCD	6.0	For an LCD (liquid crystal display).
/Ssortorder	6.0	Same as /S:sortorder.
/S:sortorder	6.0	sortorder is any combination of the sort orders listed individually immediately following.  For example, /S:ED sorts first by extension, then by date and time.
/SD	6.0	Same as /S:D.
/S:D	6.0	Sorts files by date and time.
/SD-	6.0	Same as /S:-D.
/S:D-	6.0	Sorts files by reverse date and time.
/SE	6.0	Same as /S:E.
/S:E	6.0	Sorts files by extension.
/SE-	6.0	Same as /S:-E.
/S:E-	6.0	Sorts files in reverse order by extension.
/SN	6.0	Same as /S:N.
/S:N	6.0	Sorts files alphabetically (by name).
/SN-	6.0	Same as /S:-N.
/S:N-	6.0	Sorts files in reverse alphabetical order.
/SS	6.0	Same as /S:S.
/S:S	6.0	Sorts files by size.
/SS-	6.0	Same as /S:-S.
/S:S-	6.0	Sorts files by reverse size.
/Skiphigh	6.0	Skips high memory.  Runs DEFRAG in conventional memory.
/U	6.0	Leaves empty spaces between files.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Boot
Defragment
Disk
Extended Memory
Extension
File
Hidden
High Memory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DEL
DEL	"DELete"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Deletes a file.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with ERASE, UNDELETE, DELTREE, and DELOLDOS.

The Unix counterpart for this command is rm, for remove.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/P	4.0	Prompt before deleting.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Delete
File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DELOLDOS
DELOLDOS	"DELete OLd DOS"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Deletes a replaced version of DOS.
Filename	Version	Size
DELOLDOS.EXE	5.0	17,644
DELOLDOS.EXE	6.0	17,710
DELOLDOS.EXE	6.2	17,726
DELOLDOS.EXE	6.22	17,726
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B	6.0	For black-and-white display.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Delete

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DELTREE
DELTREE	"DELete TREE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Deletes a subdirectory structure.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DEL, ERASE, and DELOLDOS.

Filename	Version	Size
DELTREE.EXE	6.0	11,904
DELTREE.EXE	6.2	11,111
DELTREE.EXE	6.22	11,111
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/Y	6.0	Does not ask for confirmation.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Delete
Subdirectory
Tree

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DEVICE
DEVICE	"DEVICE"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Installs a device driver.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DEVICEHIGH.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Device Driver

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DEVICEHIGH
DEVICEHIGH	"DEVICE HIGH"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Installs a device driver into upper memory.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DEVICE.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Device Driver
Upper Memory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DIR


DIR
DIR	"DIRectory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Views filenames on a disk.

Microsoft Help.

A similar command in Unix is ls, for list.

New with 6.2:  Commas are placed in numbers during the output to increase readability.

New with 5.0:  A DIRCMD environment variable can be used to create your own default parameter settings.

See, also, DOS Redirection, for an example using DIR.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
,	5.0	Shows hidden files (undocumented).
/?	5.0	Help.
/A	5.0	All files.
/Aattributes	5.0	Same as /A:attributes.
/A:attributes	5.0	Specifies which files to include.  attributes can be any combination of the attributes listed individually immediately following.  For example, /AHS includes hidden system files.
/AA	5.0	Includes files with the archive bit set.
/A-A	5.0	Includes files with the archive bit not set.
/AD	5.0	Includes directories.
/A-D	5.0	Includes files only.
/AH	5.0	Includes hidden files.
/A-H	5.0	Includes files that are not hidden.
/AR	5.0	Includes read-only files.
/A-R	5.0	Includes files that are not read-only.
/AS	5.0	Includes system files.
/A-S	5.0	Includes files that are not system files.
/B	5.0	"Blank" heading.
/C	6.0	Displays the compression ratios based on clusters on the compressed drive.
/CH	6.0	Displays the compression ratios based on clusters on the host drive.
/L	5.0	Display in lowercase.
/O	5.0	Order of files.
/Osortorder	5.0	Same as /O:sortorder.
/O:sortorder	5.0	Specifies the sort order of the directory listing.  sortorder can be any combination of the orders listed individually immediately following.  For example, /OEC sorts first by extension and then by the compression ratio.
/OC	6.0	Same as /O:C.
/O-C	6.0	Same as /O:-C.
/O:C	6.0	Sort by compression ratio.
/O:-C	6.0	Sort by reverse compression ratio.
/OD	5.0	Same as /O:D.
/O-D	5.0	Same as /O:-D.
/O:D	5.0	Sort by date.
/O:-D	5.0	Sort in reverse order by date.
/OE	5.0	Same as /O:E.
/O-E	5.0	Same as /O:-E.
/O:E	5.0	Sort by extension.
/O:-E	5.0	Sort in reverse order by extension.
/OG	5.0	Same as /O:G.
/O-G	5.0	Same as /O:-G.
/O:G	5.0	Sort by group (directories first).
/O:-G	5.0	Sort by reverse group (files first).
/ON	5.0	Same as /O:N.
/O-N	5.0	Same as /O:-N.
/O:N	5.0	Sort in alphabetical order (by name).
/O:-N	5.0	Sort in reverse alphabetical order.
/OS	5.0	Same as /O:S.
/O-S	5.0	Same as /O:-S.
/O:S	5.0	Sort by size.
/O:-S	5.0	Sort in reverse order by size.
/P	1.0	Pause a screenful at a time.
/S	5.0	Subdirectories.
/W	1.0	Wide display.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Archive
Attribute
Cluster
Compression
Directory
Disk
Environment Variable
File
Filename
Hidden
Parameter
Read-Only
Sort
Subdirectory
System

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DISKCOMP
DISKCOMP	"DISK COMPare"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Compares two disks.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with FC and COMP.

Filename	Version	Size
DISKCOMP.COM	2.1	2,188
DISKCOMP.COM	3.3	5,848
DISKCOMP.COM	4.01	9,857
DISKCOMP.COM	5.0	10,652
DISKCOMP.COM	6.0	10,620
DISKCOMP.COM	6.2	10,748
DISKCOMP.COM	6.22	10,748
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/1	3.2	1 side.
/8	3.2	8 sectors.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk
Sector
Side

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DISKCOPY
DISKCOPY	"DISK COPY"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Copies a disk.

New with 6.2:  The hard disk is used for storage during copying.  This may reduce the amount of times you may need to swap floppies.  (See, also, the /M switch, below.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with COPY, MOVE, and XCOPY.

Filename	Version	Size
DISKCOPY.COM	2.1	2,576
DISKCOPY.COM	3.3	6,264
DISKCOPY.COM	4.01	10,396
DISKCOPY.COM	5.0	11,793
DISKCOPY.COM	6.0	11,879
DISKCOPY.COM	6.2	13,335
DISKCOPY.COM	6.22	13,335
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/1	3.2	1 side.
/M	6.2	Forces DOS to use memory only (as opposed to a hard disk) to store data during copying.
/V	5.0	Verify the copy.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk
Floppy
Hard Disk
Memory
Side

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DISPLAY.SYS
DISPLAY	"DISPLAY"

Type	Device Driver.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	For international use.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CHCP, COUNTRY, KEYB, MODE, NLSFUNC, PRINTER, and SELECT.

Filename	Version	Size
DISPLAY.SYS	4.01	15,692
DISPLAY.SYS	5.0	15,792
DISPLAY.SYS	6.0	15,789
DISPLAY.SYS	6.2	15,789
DISPLAY.SYS	6.22	15,789
Parameter	Version	Purpose
hwcp	4.0	For Hardware code page (character set). hwcp can be any of the following...
	4.0	437 - United States.
	4.0	850 - Multilingual (Latin I).
	5.0	852 - Slavic (Latin II).
	4.0	860 - Portugal.
	4.0	863 - Canadian French.
	4.0	865 - Norway.
m	4.0	m is the number of sub-fonts.
n	4.0 only	n is the number of additional code pages, a value in the range 0 to 12.
n	5.0	n is the number of additional code pages, a value in the range 0 to 6.
type	4.0	type can be any of the following...
	4.0	CGA - color graphics adapter.
	4.0	EGA - enhanced graphics adapter.
	4.0	LCD - liquid crystal display.
	4.0	MONO - monochrome.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

CGA
Code Page
EGA
Font
Hardware
LCD
Mono

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DOS
DOS	"Disk Operating System"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Installs DOS in high memory.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
HIGH	5.0	Try to use high memory.
LOW	5.0	Use low memory.
NOUMB	5.0	Do not use upper memory blocks.
UMB	5.0	Use upper memory blocks.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

High Memory
Low Memory
Upper Memory
Upper Memory Block

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DOSKEY
DOSKEY	"DOS KEYboard"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Increases editing ability of entering commands at the DOS prompt.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
DOSKEY.COM	5.0	5,883
DOSKEY.COM	6.0	5,883
DOSKEY.COM	6.2	5,861
DOSKEY.COM	6.22	5,861
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/BUFSIZE=size	5.0	Sets buffer size.
/H	5.0	Same as /HISTORY.
/HISTORY	5.0	Display commands.
/INSERT	5.0	Insert mode.
/M	5.0	Display macros
/MACROS	5.0	Display list of macros.
/OVERSTRIKE	5.0	Overstrike mode.
/REINSTALL	5.0	Reinstall DOSKEY.

DOSKEY allows the user to recall MS-DOS commands and edit them for effectively.  It also allows the creation of macros, which are explained separately.

To initiate DOSKEY, simply enter DOSKEY at the DOS prompt.  If you like using it, you may wish to put it in your AUTOEXEC.BAT to have it readily available at all times.  It takes up about 4K of memory.

Below are the special keystrokes available in using DOSKEY.

To scroll up and down through a list of recently-used commands...

<UP ARROW> scrolls up the list.

<DOWN ARROW> scrolls down the list.

<PAGE UP> goes to the top of the list.

<PAGE DOWN> goes to the bottom of the list.

To edit a command...

  	<LEFT ARROW> moves the cursor to the left, without erasing.

<RIGHT ARROW> move the cursor to the right.

<CTRL><LEFT ARROW> moves left a word.

<CTRL><RIGHT ARROW> move right a word.

<HOME> goes to the beginning of the line, without erasing.par

<END> goes to the end of the line.

DOS normally has some function keys available for a very limited amount of editing.  However, DOSKEY adds the following...

F7 displays the numbered commands in memory.

F8 searches for a command in memory.

F9 prompts for a command number.

Use F7 and F9 together like this:  Press F7 to see recent commands and their numbers.  Then, press F9 and the number of the command you want.

F8 works like this:  Start typing a command.  Then, press F8 to search and see if this command is already in memory and available.

Two more options are also available...

<ALT><F7> erases all commands in memory (use in macros).

<ALT><F10> erases all macros.

DOSKEY also allows you to type more than one command on a line.  Just enter the first command, then press <CTRL><T>, and then enter the next command.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

AUTOEXEC.BAT
Buffer
Cursor
DOS Prompt
Editor
Macro
Memory
Upper Memory
Overstrike

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DOSSHELL
DOSSHELL	"DOS SHELL"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Menu-driven MS-DOS commands.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
DOSSHELL.BAT	4.01	179
DOSUTIL.MEU	4.01	6,660
SHELL.CLR	4.01	4,406
SHELL.HLP	4.01	66,527
SHELL.MEU	4.01	11,840
SHELLB.COM	4.01	3,894
SHELLC.EXE	4.01	153,855
FILESYS.EXE	4.01	11,129
PCIBMDRV.MOS	4.01	263
8514.VID	5.0	9,529
CGA.VID	5.0	9,607
DOSSHELL.COM	5.0	4,623
DOSSHELL.EXE	5.0	235,484
DOSSHELL.GRB	5.0	3,260
DOSSHELL.HLP	5.0	161,763
DOSSHELL.VID	5.0	9,003
DOSSWAP.EXE	5.0	18,756
EGA.VID	5.0	9,003
HERC.VID	5.0	10,850
VGA.VID	5.0	9,462
8514.VID	6.0	9,529
CGA.VID	6.0	9,607
DOSSHELL.COM	6.0	4,620
DOSSHELL.EXE	6.0	236,378
DOSSHELL.GRB	6.0	4,421
DOSSHELL.HLP	6.0	161,323
DOSSHELL.VID	6.0	9,462
DOSSWAP.EXE	6.0	18,756
EGA.VID	6.0	9,003
HERC.VID	6.0	10,850
VGA.VID	6.0	9,462
8514.VID	6.2	9,529
CGA.VID	6.2	9,607
DOSSHELL.COM	6.2	4,620
DOSSHELL.EXE	6.2	236,378
DOSSHELL.GRB	6.2	4,421
DOSSHELL.HLP	6.2	161,323
DOSSHELL.VID	6.2	9,462
DOSSWAP.EXE	6.2	18,756
EGA.VID	6.2	9,003
HERC.VID	6.2	10,850
VGA.VID	6.2	9,462
DOSSHELL.COM	6.22	4,620
DOSSHELL.EXE	6.22	236,378
DOSSHELL.GRB	6.22	4,421
DOSSHELL.HLP	6.22	161,323
DOSSHELL.VID	6.22	9,462
DOSSWAP.EXE	6.22	18,756
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B	5.0	Black and white.
/G	5.0	Graphics mode.
/T	5.0	Text mode.

DOSSHELL may create temporary files of the form ~DOSxxxx.TMP.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DRIVER.SYS
DRIVER	"disk DRIVER"

Type	Device Driver.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Installs certain disk drives.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
DRIVER.SYS	3.3	1,196
DRIVER.SYS	4.01	5,241
DRIVER.SYS	5.0	5,409
DRIVER.SYS	6.0	5,406
DRIVER.SYS	6.2	5,406
DRIVER.SYS	6.22	5,406
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/C	3.2	Can sense that a disk drive door is shut, if the hardware supports this option.
/D:n	3.2-3.3	n is the drive number, a value between 0 and 255.
/D:n	4.0	n is the drive number, a value between 0 and 127.
/F:n	3.2	n can be one of the following...
	3.2-3.3	0 - 320/360K.
	4.0	0 - 160/180/320/360K.
	3.2	1 - 1.2M.
	3.2	2 - 720K or other.
	3.2-3.3	3 - 8" single-density.
	3.2-3.3	4 - 8" double-density.
	3.2-3.3	5 - hard disk.
	3.2-3.3	6 - tape.
	3.2-3.3	7 - other.
	4.0	7 - 1.44M.
	5.0	9 - 2.88M.
/H:n	3.2	n is the number of heads, a value between 1 and 99.
/N	3.2-3.3	Non-removable.
/S:n	3.2-3.3	n is the number of sectors per track, a value between 1 and 40.
/S:n	4.0	n is the number of sectors per track, a value between 1 and 99.
/T:n	3.2	n is the number of tracks per head, a value between 1 and 999.


DRIVPARM
DRIVPARM	"DRIVe PARaMeters"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets drive parameters.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/C	3.2	Can sense disk drive door open.
/D:number	3.2	Drive number.
/F:factor	3.2	Form factor.
/H:heads	3.2	Disk drive heads.
/I	4.0	Electrically-compatible drives installed.
/N	3.2	Non-removable block device.
/S:sectors	3.2	Number of sectors.
/T:tracks	3.2	Number of tracks.


DRVSPACE


DRVSPACE
DRVSPACE	"DRiVe SPACE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.22.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Compresses files on disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DBLSPACE.

Similar Unix commands are compress and uncompress.

Filename	Version	Size
DRVSPACE.BIN	6.22	66,294
DRVSPACE.EXE	6.22	181,840
DRVSPACE.HLP	6.22	91,957
DRVSPACE.INF	6.22	2,664
DRVSPACE.MR1	6.22	512
DRVSPACE.SYS	6.22	22,996
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.22	Help.
/ALL	6.22	With /RATIO, indicates that you want to change the ratios for all the compressed drives.
/AUTOMOUNT	6.22	Sets which drives to automatically mount.
/COM	6.22	Same as /COMPRESS.
/COMPRESS	6.22	Compresses an existing drive.
/CR	6.22	Same as /CREATE.
/CREATE	6.22	Creates a new compressed drive.
/DOUBLEGUARD	6.22	Enables or disables DoubleGuard, a program which protects the DRVSPACE command in memory from other programs.
/DEFRAGMENT	6.22	Defragments a compressed drive.
/DEL	6.22	Same as /DELETE.
/DELETE	6.22	Deletes a compressed drive.
/F	6.22	This switch performs differently depending upon which other switches are used.  Used alone, it is the same as /FORMAT.  With /COMPRESS, suppresses the display of the final screen.  With /DEFRAGMENT, does a more full defragmentation.  With /CHKDSK (6.0, only), fixes errors.
/FORMAT	6.22	Formats a drive.
/HOST	6.22	Changes the host's drive letter.
/INFO	6.22	Gives information about a drive.
/LASTDRIVE	6.22 only	Sets the highest drive letter available as a compressed drive.
/LI	6.22	Same as /LIST.
/LIST	6.22	Lists available drives.
/MAXFILEFRAGMENTS		(6.22)  Sets the maximum file fragments allowed for all mounted compressed drives.
/MAXREMOVABLEDRIVES		(6.22)  Sets the maximum number of removable compressed drives allowed.
/MO	6.22	Same as /MOUNT.
/MOUNT	6.22	Mounts a drive.
/MOVE	6.22	Moves DRVSPACE.BIN to higher memory.
/N	6.22	Same as /NEWDRIVE.
/NEW	6.22	Same as /NEWDRIVE.
/NEWDRIVE	6.22	Sets the drive letter of a new drive.
/NOHMA	6.22	Prevents DRVSPACE.BIN from going to high memory.
/RA	6.22	Same as /RATIO.
/RATIO	6.22	Resets the estimated ratio.
/RE	6.22	Same as /RESERVE.
/RES	6.22	Same as /RESERVE.
/RESERVE	6.22	Sets the amount of uncompressed reserved space.
/ROMSERVER	6.22	Determines whether a ROM (read-only memory) compression interface server is looked for.
/SI	6.22	Same as /SIZE.
/SIZE	6.22	Sets or changes the size of a drive.
/SWITCHES	6.22	Sets whether <CTRL><F5> and <CTRL><F8> keys work when the computer is started to disable DRVSPACE.
/UNCOMPRESS	6.22	Uncompresses a drive.
/UNMOUNT	6.22	Unmounts a compressed drive.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Compress
Defragment
Drive
File Fragment
Format
High Memory
Memory
Mount
Program
ROM

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


ECHO
ECHO	"ECHO"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Determines whether messages are displayed.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
OFF	2.0	Turn ECHO off.
ON	2.0	Turn ECHO on.


EDIT
EDIT	"EDIT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	A simple text editor.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with EDLIN.

Similar Unix commands are vi, for visual interface, and emacs, for editing macros.

Filename	Version	Size
EDIT.COM	5.0	413
EDIT.HLP	5.0	17,898
EDIT.COM	6.0	413
EDIT.HLP	6.0	17,898
EDIT.COM	6.2	413
EDIT.HLP	6.2	17,898
EDIT.COM	6.22	413
EDIT.HLP	6.22	17,898
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B	5.0	Black and white.
/G	5.0	CGA.
/H	5.0	Display maximum lines.
/NOHI	5.0	No high-intensity colors.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

CGA
High-Intensity Colors
Text Editor

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


EDLIN
EDLIN	"EDit LINe"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	A line editor.

Compare with EDIT.

Filename	Version	Size
EDLIN.COM	2.1	4,608
EDLIN.COM	3.3	7,495
EDLIN.COM	4.01	14,069
EDLIN.EXE	5.0	12,642

Discontinued.  Replaced by EDIT.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
?	5.0 only	Help.
/B	2.0-5.0	Binary file.

When running, EDLIN has an asterisk (*) prompt.

These are the codes available while EDLIN is running...

A - Append

C - Copy

D - Delete

E - End

I - Insert

L - List

M - Move

P - Pages

Q - Quit

R - Replace

S - Search

T - Transfer

W - Write

The following symbols are also used...

# - The line after the last line in the edit buffer.

. - The current line.

+ - Add line numbers.

- - Subtract line numbers.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Binary
Buffer
Line Editor

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


EGA.SYS
EGA	"Enhanced Graphics Adapter"

Type	Device Driver.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Assists task swapping with the DOS Shell.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
EGA.SYS	5.0	4,885
EGA.SYS	6.0	4,885
EGA.SYS	6.2	4,885
EGA.SYS	6.22	4,885

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Task Swapping

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


EMM386
EMM386	"Expanded Memory Manager for 386"

Type	4.0, Device Driver; 5.0 DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Facilitates usage of high memory.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
EMM386.SYS	4.01	87,776
EMM386.EXE	5.0	91,742
EMM386.EXE	6.0	115,294
EMM386.EXE	6.2	120,926
EMM386.EXE	6.22	120,926
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
AUTO	5.0	Detects programs that use high memory.
OFF	5.0	Turn expanded memory support off.
ON	5.0	Turn expanded memory support on.
W=OFF	5.0	Do not use Weitek coprocessor.
W=ON	5.0	Use Weitek coprocessor.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Coprocessor
Expanded Memory
High Memory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


ERASE
ERASE	"ERASE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Erases files.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DEL.

The Unix counterpart for this command is rm, for remove.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/P	4.0	Prompt before erasing.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Delete
Prompt

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


EXE2BIN
EXE2BIN	"EXEcutable to BINary"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	For programmers.
Filename	Version	Size
EXE2BIN.EXE	2.1	1,664
EXE2BIN.EXE	3.3	3,050
EXE2BIN.EXE	4.01	7,963
EXE2BIN.EXE	5.0	8,424

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Programmer

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


EXIT
EXIT	"EXIT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Exits from the DOS Prompt to a program.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

DOS Prompt
Program

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


EXPAND
EXPAND	"EXPAND"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Expands files during DOS installation.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
EXPAND.EXE	5.0	14,563
EXPAND.EXE	6.0	16,129
EXPAND.EXE	6.2	16,129
EXPAND.EXE	6.22	16,129
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Expand
File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


FASTHELP
FASTHELP	"FAST HELP"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Gives summarized help on commands.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with HELP.

Filename	Version	Size
FASTHELP.EXE	6.0	11,481
DOSHELP.HLP	6.0	5,667
FASTHELP.EXE	6.2	11,481
DOSHELP.HLP	6.2	5,667
FASTHELP.EXE	6.22	11,481
DOSHELP.HLP	6.22	5,877
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.


FASTOPEN
FASTOPEN	"FAST OPEN"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Saves file location information in memory so that files can be opened faster.  Cannot be used with Windows.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
FASTOPEN.EXE	3.3	3,888
FASTOPEN.EXE	4.01	16,718
FASTOPEN.EXE	5.0	12,050
FASTOPEN.EXE	6.0	12,034
FASTOPEN.EXE	6.2	12,082
FASTOPEN.EXE	6.22	12,082
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/X	4.0	Use expanded memory.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Expanded Memory
File
Memory
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


FC
FC	"File Compare"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Compares two files.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with COMP and DISKCOMP.

Filename	Version	Size
FC.EXE	3.3	15,807
FC.EXE	4.01	15,974
FC.EXE	5.0	18,650
FC.EXE	6.0	18,650
FC.EXE	6.2	18,650
FC.EXE	6.22	18,650
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/A	3.2	Abbreviated output.
/B	2.0	Binary comparision.
/C	2.0	Case will be ignored.
/L	3.2	Line-by-line comparison.
/LBn	3.2	Sets line buffer to "n".
/N	3.2	Output line numbers.
/nnnn	6.0	After a mismatch, nnnn specifies the number of lines that must match, again, to resynchronize.
/T	3.2	Tabs compared literally.
/W	2.0	Compress tabs and spaces.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Binary
Buffer
File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


FCBS
FCBS	"File Control BlockS"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 3.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Sets how many files can be opened at once.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with FILES.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


FDISK
FDISK	"Fixed DISK"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Sets or changes a partition.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with FORMAT.

Filename	Version	Size
FDISK.COM	2.1	6,369
FDISK.COM	3.3	48,983
FDISK.EXE	4.01	60,935
FDISK.EXE	5.0	57,224
FDISK.EXE	6.0	29,333
FDISK.EXE	6.2	29,334
FDISK.EXE	6.22	29,336
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/MBR	6.0	Master Boot Record (Undocumented).
/STATUS	6.2	Displays status information.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk
Partition

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


FILES
FILES	"FILES"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets how many files can be opened at once.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with FCBS.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


FIND
FIND	"FIND"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	A filter that finds text inside files.

Microsoft Help.

A similar command in Unix is grep, for globally search for a regular expression and print.

Filename	Version	Size
FIND.EXE	2.1	5,888
FIND.EXE	3.3	5,941
FIND.EXE	4.01	6,403
FIND.EXE	5.0	6,770
FIND.EXE	6.0	6,770
FIND.EXE	6.2	6,770
FIND.EXE	6.22	6,770
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/C	2.0	Counts total lines found.
/I	5.0	Case insensitive.
/N	2.0	Add line numbers.
/V	2.0	Find lines that do not match.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File
Filter

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


FOR
FOR	"FOR"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Repeats a command.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

The FOR command can use variables which take the form of two % characters and a variable name, like this...

%%X


FORMAT
FORMAT	"FORMAT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Prepares new disks for usage.

New in 6.2:  Commas are placed in numbers in the output to increase readability.  (See also the /C switch, below).

Microsoft Help.

Compare with FDISK and UNFORMAT.

Filename	Version	Size
FORMAT.COM	2.1	6,912
FORMAT.COM	3.3	11,671
FORMAT.COM	4.01	22,859
FORMAT.COM	5.0	32,911
FORMAT.COM	6.0	22,717
FORMAT.COM	6.2	22,916
FORMAT.COM	6.22	22,974
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/1	3.2	1 sidel
/4	3.2	360K disk on 1.2M drive.
/8	3.2	8 sectors.
/B	3.2	8 sectors and saves space for "boot" files.
/C	6.2	Rechecks clusters that have been marked bad.
/F:size	4.0	Format in size which can be one of the following...
	4.0	160 - 160K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	160K - 160K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	160KB - 160K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	180 - 180K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	180K - 180K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	180KB - 180K single-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	320 - 320K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	320K - 320K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	320KB - 320K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	360 - 360K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	360K - 360K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	360KB - 360K double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	720 - 720K double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	720K - 720K double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	720KB - 720K double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	1200 - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	1200K - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	1200KB - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	1.2 - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	1.2M - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	1.2MB - 1.2M double-sided 5.25" disk.
	4.0	1440 - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	1440K - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	1440KB - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	1.44 - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	1.44M - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	4.0	1.44MB - 1.44M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0	2880 - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0	2880K - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0	2880KB - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0	2.88 - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0	2.88M - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
	5.0	2.88MB - 2.88M double-sided 3.5" disk.
/N:sectors	3.2	Number of sectors.
/O	2.0-3.1	Version 1.0 format
/Q	5.0	Quick format.
/S	1.0	System files.
/T:tracks	3.2	Number of tracks.
/U	5.0	Unconditional format.
/V	2.0	Add volume label
/V:label	4.0	Add volume label.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Boot
Cluster
Disk
File
Format
K
M
Sector
Side
System
Track
Volume Label

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


GOTO
GOTO	"GOTO"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Skips commands.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.


GRAFTABL
GRAFTABL	"GRAph TABLe"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.0-5.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Sets a code page for use with GRAPHICS.
Filename	Version	Size
GRAFTABL.COM	3.3	6,136
GRAFTABL.COM	4.01	10,239
GRAFTABL.COM	5.0	11,205

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.
/STA	4.0-5.0	Same as /STATUS.
/STATUS	3.3-5.0	Display code page.
?	4.0 only	Displays code page and the switches usable with the command.
xxx	3.3-5.0	xxx is a three-digit number to specify a code page (character set).  Valid entries are as follows...
	3.3-5.0	437 - United States.
	3.3-5.0	850 - Multilingual (Latin I).
	5.0 only	852 - Slavic (Latin II).
	3.3-5.0	860 - Portugal.
	3.3-5.0	863 - Canadian French.
	3.3-5.0	865 - Norway/Denmark.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Code Page
Switch

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


GRAPHICS
GRAPHICS	"GRAPHICS"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Allows a graphical screen to be printed.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with GRAFTABL.

Filename	Version	Size
GRAPHICS.COM	2.1	789
GRAPHICS.COM	3.3	13,943
GRAPHICS.COM	4.01	16,693
GRAPHICS.PRO	4.01	9,397
GRAPHICS.COM	5.0	19,694
GRAPHICS.PRO	5.0	21,232
GRAPHICS.COM	6.0	19,694
GRAPHICS.PRO	6.0	21,232
GRAPHICS.COM	6.2	19,742
GRAPHICS.PRO	6.2	21,232
GRAPHICS.COM	6.2	19,742
GRAPHICS.PRO	6.2	21,232
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	Print background color.
/C	MS 3.2 only	Centers output.
/F	3.2 only	Flips output.
/LCD	4.0	Use Liquid Crystal Display.
/P=port	3.2-3.3	Sets printer port.
/PB:id	4.0	same as /PRINTBOX:id.
/PRINTBOX:id	4.0	Set size of print box.  id can be either STD or LCD.
/R	3.0	Reverse colors.
type	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	The type of printer supported.  type can be one of the following (see Microsoft Help for descriptions of the terms):
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	COLOR1.
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	COLOR4.
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	COLOR8.
	PC 3.0-, MS 3.2-5.0	COMPACT.
	5.0	DESKJET.
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	GRAPHICS.
	4.0	GRAPHICSWIDE.
	5.0	HPDEFAULT.
	5.0	LASERJET.
	5.0	LASERJETII.
	5.0	PAINTJET.
	5.0	QUIETJET.
	5.0	QUIETJETPLUS.
	5.0	RUGGEDWRITER.
	5.0	RUGGEDWRITERWIDE.
	4.0	THERMAL.
	5.0	THINKJET.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Graphics
LCD
Port
Screen

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


GWBASIC
GWBASIC	"Gee Wiz BASIC"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Another version of BASIC.

Compare with BASIC, BASICA, and QBASIC.

Filename	Version	Size
GWBASIC.EXE	3.3	80,592
GWBASIC.EXE	4.01	80,608

Discontinued.  Replaced by QBASIC.


HELP
HELP	"HELP"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Provides help information.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with FASTHELP.

The corresponding command in Unix is man, for manual.

Filename	Version	Size
HELP.EXE	5.0	11,473
DOSHELP.HLP	5.0	5,651
HELP.COM	6.0	413
HELP.HLP	6.0	294,741
HELP.COM	6.2	413
HELP.HLP	6.2	296,844
HELP.COM	6.22	413
HELP.HLP	6.22	301,961
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B	6.0	For a black-and-white monitor.
/G	6.0	For a CGA (color graphics adaptor) monitor.
/H	6.0	Uses maximum number of lines per screen available on your hardware.
/NOHI	6.0	For no-high-intensity displays.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

CGA
High-Intensity Colors

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


HIMEM.SYS


HIMEM.SYS
HIMEM	"HIgh MEMory"

Type	Device Driver.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	High memory manager.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
HIMEM.SYS	4.01	6,261
HIMEM.SYS	5.0	11,552
HIMEM.SYS	6.0	14,208
HIMEM.SYS	6.2	29,136
HIMEM.SYS	6.22	29,136
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/A20CONTROL:OFF	5.0	A20 refers to the address bus line 20.  This turns HIMEM control of A20 off.
/A20CONTROL:ON	5.0	A20 refers to the address bus line 20.  This turns HIMEM control of A20 on.
/CPUCLOCK:OFF	5.0	CPU stands for central processing unit.  This switch does not correct a timing problem.
/CPUCLOCK:ON	5.0	CPU stands for central processing unit.  This switch corrects a timing problem.
/EISA	6.0	For Extended Industry Standard Architecture computers with more than 16 megabytes of RAM (random access  memory).
/HMAMIN=m	5.0	m is the minimum amount of memory required in kilobytes before high memory is used.  It is in the range 0 through 63.
/INT15=xxxx	5.0	xxxx is the amount of extended memory in kilobytes for interrupt 15h.  Valid entries are 0 and 64 through 65535.  An interrupt, in this case, is a subroutine supplied by the operating system or BIOS (basic input/output services).  15h means interrupt number 15 in the hexadecimal numerical notation.
/MACHINE:xxxx	5.0	xxxx can be one of the following...
	5.0	1 - IBM PC/AT (same as AT).
	5.0	2 - IBM PS/2 (same as PS2).
	5.0	3 - Phoenix Cascade BIOS (same as PT1CASCADE).
	5.0	4 - HP Vectra (A and A+) (same as HPVECTRA).
	5.0	5 - AT&T 6300 Plus (same as ATT6300PLUS).
	5.0	6 - Acer 1100 (same as ACER1100).
	5.0	7 - Toshiba 1600 and 1200XE (same as TOSHIBA).
	5.0	8 - Wyse 12.5MHz 286 (same as WYSE).
	5.0	9 - Tulip SX (same as TULIP).
	5.0	10 - Zenith ZBIOS (same as ZENITH).
	5.0	11 - IBM PC/AT (alternate delay) (same as AT2).
	5.0	12 - CSS Labs (same as CSS).
	5.0	13 - IBM PC/AT (alternative delay) (same as AT3).
	5.0	13 (sic) - Philips (same as PHILIPS).
	5.0	14 - HP Vectra (same as FASTHP).
	6.0	15 - IBM 7552 Industrial Computer (same as IBM7552).
	6.0	16 - Bull Micral 60 (same as BULLMICRAL).
	6.0	17 - Dell XBIOS (same as DELL).
	5.0	ACER1100 - Acer 1100 (same as 6).
	5.0	AT - IBM PC/AT (same as 1).
	5.0	AT2 - IBM PC/AT (alternate delay) (same as 11).
	5.0	AT3 - IBM PC/AT (alternative delay) (same as 13 [sic]).
	5.0	ATT6300PLUS - AT&T 6300 Plus (same as 5).
	6.0	BULLMICRAL - Bull Micral 60 (same as 16).
	5.0	CSS - CSS Labs (same as 12).
	6.0	DELL - Dell XBIOS (same as 17).
	5.0	FASTHP - HP Vectra (same as 14).
	5.0	HPVECTRA - HP Vectra (A and A+) (same as 4).
	6.0	IBM7552 - IBM 7552 Industrial Computer (same as 15).
	5.0	PHILIPS - Philips (same as 13 [sic]).
	5.0	PS2 - IBM PS/2 (same as 2).
	5.0	PT1CASCADE - Phoenix Cascade BIOS (same as 3).
	5.0	TOSHIBA - Toshiba 1600 and 1200XE (same as 7).
	5.0	TULIP - Tulip SX (same as 9).
	5.0	WYSE - Wyse 12.5MHz 286 (same as 8).
	5.0	ZENITH - Zenith ZBIOS (same as 10).
/NUMHANDLES=n	5.0 only	n is the maximum number of EMB (extended memory block) handles.  It is in the range 1 through 128.
/SHADOWRAM:OFF	5.0	Shadow RAM means that program code in ROM (read-only memory) is duplicated (shadowed) in RAM (random access memory) so that it runs faster.  This switch turns shadow RAM off.
/SHADOWRAM:ON	5.0	Shadow RAM means that program code in ROM (read-only memory) is duplicated (shadowed) in RAM (random access memory) so that it runs faster.  This switch turns shadow RAM on.
/TESTMEM:OFF	6.2	Does not tests high memory when the computer is turned on.
/TESTMEM:ON	6.2	Tests high memory when the computer is turned on.
/V	6.0	Same as /VERBOSE.
/VERBOSE	6.0	Displays messages while HIMEM is loading.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

A20
Address Bus
BIOS
Computer
CPU
EISA
Extended Memory
Extended Memory Block
Handle
Hexadecimal
High Memory
Interrupt
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Memory
Operating System
Program
RAM
ROM
Subroutine

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


IF
IF	"IF"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Tests a condition.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

The IF, FOR, and SHIFT commands can use parameter values which take the form of the % character and a digit from 0 to 9.  This consists of the following 10 possibilities: %0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7, %8, and %9.

For example, If you have a batch file named MYSORT.BAT and you enter the following at the DOS prompt...

MYSORT A:.TXT TEMP.TXT

... then the following would be true...

%0 = MYSORT

%1 = A:.TXT

%2 = TEMP.TXT

The batch file could then use the variables %1 and %2 to know which file to sort from and which file to sort to.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Batch File
Character
Parameter
Sort
Variable

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


INCLUDE
INCLUDE	"INCLUDE"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Includes one block of commands in another block.

Microsoft Help.


INSTALL
INSTALL	"INSTALL"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Installs certain programs into memory.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Memory
Program

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


INTERLNK
INTERLNK	"INTERLiNK"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Used in connecting two computers.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with INTERSVR.

Filename	Version	Size
INTERLNK.EXE	6.0	17,197
INTERLNK.EXE	6.2	17,197
INTERLNK.EXE	6.22	17,197
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Computer

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


INTERSVR
INTERSVR	"INTERSerVeR"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Used in connecting two computers.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with INTERLNK.

Filename	Version	Size
INTERSVR.EXE	6.0	37,314
INTERSVR.EXE	6.2	37,426
INTERSVR.EXE	6.22	37,426
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/B	6.0	For black-and-white displays.
/BAUD:rate	6.0	See Baud.  Possible rates are 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200.
/COMaddress	6.0	Same as /COM:address.
/COM:address	6.0	address specifies the address of the serial port (COMmunications port).
/COMn	6.0	Same as /COM:n.
/COM:n	6.0	n specifies which parallel port (COMmunications port).
/LPTaddress	6.0	Same as /LPT:address.
/LPT:address	6.0	address specifies the address of the parallel port (Line PrinTer).
/LPTn	6.0	Same as /LPT:n.
/LPT:n	6.0	n specifies which parallel port (Line PrinTer).
/RCOPY	6.0	Copies files between computers under certain conditions.
/V	6.0	Solves some timing problems between computers.
/X=drive	6.0	Excludes redirecting a drive.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Address
BAUD
COM
Computer
Drive
File
LPT
Parallel Port

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


JOIN
JOIN	"JOIN"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Confuses directory names.

Compare with APPEND, ASSIGN, and SUBST.

Filename	Version	Size
JOIN.EXE	3.3	9,612
JOIN.EXE	4.01	17,813
JOIN.EXE	5.0	17,870

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.
/D	3.0-5.0	Delete existing joins.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


KEYB


KEYB


KEYB
KEYB	"KEYBoard"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	PC-DOS 3.0, MS-DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	For international support.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CHCP, COUNTRY, DISPLAY, MODE, NLSFUNC, PRINTER, and SELECT.

Filename	Version	Size
KEYB.COM	3.3	9,056
KEYBOARD.SYS	3.3	19,766
KEYB.COM	4.01	14,727
KEYBOARD.SYS	4.01	23,328
KEYB.COM	5.0	14,986
KEYBOARD.SYS	5.0	34,697
KEYB.COM	6.0	14,983
KEYBOARD.SYS	6.0	34,694
KEYB.COM	6.2	15,750
KEYBOARD.SYS	6.2	34,598
KEYBRD2.SYS	6.2	39,366
KEYB.COM	6.22	15,750
KEYBOARD.SYS	6.22	34,598
KEYBRD2.SYS	6.22	31,942
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/E	5.0	Enhanced keyboard used.
/yyy	3.3 only	Same as the yyy in /ID:yyy.
/ID:yyy	4.0	yyy is a three-digit ID (identification) for a keyboard where more than one is possible for a country.  Valid values are as follows...
	3.3-4.0	000 - Switzerland German.
	3.3-4.0, 6.22	058 - Canadian French.
	3.3-4.0	103 - United States.
	6.22	118 - Macedonia and Serbia/Montenegro.
	3.3	120 - Belgium and France.
	3.3-4.0	129 - Germany.
	3.3	141 - Italy.
	3.3	142 - Italy.
	3.3-4.0	143 - Netherlands.
	3.3-4.0	150 - Switzerland French.
	3.3-4.0	153 - Finland and Sweden.
	3.3-4.0	155 - Norway.
	3.3-4.0	159 - Denmark.
	6.2	161 - Iceland.
	3.3-4.0	163 - Portugal.
	3.3-4.0, 6.22	166 - United Kingdom.
	3.3-4.0, 6.22	168 - United Kingdom.
	3.3-4.0	171 - Latin America.
	3.3-4.0	172 - Spain.
	6.2	179 - Turkish.
	3.3	189 - France.
	6.22	234 - Bosnia/Herzegovina/Slovenia/Yugoslavia.
	6.22	243 - Czech Republic.
	6.22	245 - Slovakia.
	6.2	274 - Brazil.
	6.2	275 - Brazil.
	6.2	319 - Greece.
	6.2	333 - Romania.
	6.2	440 - Turkish.
	6.22	441 - Russian.
	6.22	442 - Bulgaria.
xx	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	xx is a two-letter code that specifies the countries supported.  The following are possible in USA versions of DOS...
	6.22	bg - Bulgaria.
	3.3	be - Belgium.
	5.0	br - Brazil.
	3.3	cf - Canadian French.
	5.0	cz - Czechoslovakia (Czech).
	3.3	dk - Denmark.
	PC 3.0-3.3, MS 3.2-3.3	dv - Dvorak.
	3.3	su - Finland.
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	fr - France.
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	gr - Germany.
	6.22	gk - Greece.
	5.0	hu - Hungary.
	6.22	is - Iceland.
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	it - Italy.
	6.22	jp - Japan.
	3.3	la - Latin America.
	3.3	nl - Netherlands.
	3.3	no - Norway.
	5.0	pl - Poland.
	3.3	po - Portugal.
	6.22	ro - Romania.
	6.22	ru - Russian.
	5.0	sl - Czechoslovakia (Slovak).
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	sp - Spain.
	3.3	sv - Sweden.
	3.3	sf - Switzerland French.
	3.3	sg - Switzerland German.
	6.22	tr - Turkish.
	PC 3.0, MS 3.2	uk - United Kingdom.
	3.3	us - United States.
	6.22	yc - Macedonia and Serbia/Montenegro.
	5.0	yu - Yugoslavia.
yyy	3.3	yyy is a three-digit number which specifies a code page (character set).  The following code pages are available, each with an example country of where it might be used...
	3.3	437 - United States.
	3.3	850 - Multilingual.
	5.0	852 - Eastern European.
	6.22	855 - Cyrillic I.
	3.3	860 - Portugal.
	3.3	863 - Canadian French.
	3.3	865 - Denmark.
	6.22	866 - Russian (Cyrillic II).

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Code Page
Enhanced Keyboard

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


LABEL
LABEL	"LABEL"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.1.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Changes volume label.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with VOL.

Filename	Version	Size
LABEL.COM	3.3	2,346
LABEL.COM	4.01	4,458
LABEL.EXE	5.0	9,390
LABEL.EXE	6.0	9,390
LABEL.EXE	6.2	9,390
LABEL.EXE	6.22	9,390
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Volume Label

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


LASTDRIVE
LASTDRIVE	"LAST DRIVE"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 3.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets how many drives are possible.

Microsoft Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Drive

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


LH
LH	"Load High"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Loads a program into high memory.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with LOADHIGH.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/L:region,minsize	6.0	Loads a program into the specified region if the specified minimum size is available.  More than one region and minsize can be indicated, separated by semicolons.  MEM /FREE can be used to determine what regions are available (1, 2, 3, etc.).  Used by MEMMAKER.
/S	6.0	Shrinks an upper memory block while loading a program.  Intended for use only by MEMMAKER.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

High Memory
Program
Upper Memory Block

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


LINK
LINK	"LINK"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	For programming.
Filename	Version	Size
LINK.EXE	2.1	39,936
LINK.EXE	3.3	43,988
LINK.EXE	4.01	43,988

Discontinued.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Programming

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


LOADFIX
LOADFIX	"LOAD FIX"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Fixes a loading problem for some programs.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
LOADFIX.COM	5.0	1,131
LOADFIX.COM	6.0	1,131
LOADFIX.COM	6.2	1,131
LOADFIX.COM	6.22	1,131
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Program

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


LOADHIGH
LOADHIGH	"LOAD HIGH"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Loads a program into high memory.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with LH.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/L:region,minsize	6.0	Loads a program into the specified region if the specified minimum size is available.  More than one region and minsize can be indicated, separated by semicolons.  MEM /FREE can be used to determine what regions are available (1, 2, 3, etc.).  Used by MEMMAKER.
/S	6.0	Shrinks an upper memory block while loading a program.  Intended for use only by MEMMAKER.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

High Memory
Upper Memory Block

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MD
MD	"MaKe DIRectory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Helps to organize a disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CD, CHDIR, RD, and RMDIR.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Disk

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MEM
MEM	"MEMory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Displays layout of memory.

New in 6.2:  Commas are placed in numbers in the output to increase readability.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
MEM.EXE	4.01	20,005
MEM.EXE	5.0	39,818
MEM.EXE	6.0	32,150
MEM.EXE	6.2	32,502
MEM.EXE	6.22	32,502
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/C	5.0	Same as /CLASSIFY.
/CLASSIFY	5.0	Special decimal display.
/D	5.0	Same as /DEBUG.
/DEBUG	4.0	Displays memory map.
/F	6.0	Same as /FREE.
/FREE	6.0	Shows areas of free memory.
/M programname	6.0	Same as /MODULE programname.
/MODULE programname	6.0	Shows how a program (programname) is using memory.
/P	6.0	Same as /PAGE.
/P	5.0 only	Same as /PROGRAM.
/PAGE	6.0	Pauses a screenful at a time.
/PROGRAM	4.0-5.0	Display program memory map.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Debug
Memory
Memory Map
Program

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MEMMAKER
MEMMAKER	"MEMory MAKER"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Maximizes use of upper memory.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
CHKSTATE.SYS	6.0	41,600
MEMMAKER.EXE	6.0	118,660
MEMMAKER.HLP	6.0	17,081
MEMMAKER.INF	6.0	1,652
SIZER.EXE	6.0	7,169
CHKSTATE.SYS	6.2	41,600
MEMMAKER.EXE	6.2	119,557
MEMMAKER.HLP	6.2	17,237
MEMMAKER.INF	6.2	2,911
SIZER.EXE	6.2	7,169
CHKSTATE.SYS	6.22	41,600
MEMMAKER.EXE	6.22	119,557
MEMMAKER.HLP	6.22	17,237
MEMMAKER.INF	6.22	2,911
SIZER.EXE	6.22	7,169

This command may create a MEMMAKER.STS file, containing a  status report.

If MEMMAKER changes the AUTOEXEC.BAT, CONFIG.SYS, or SYSTEM.INI files, it saves the originals as AUTOEXEC.UMB, CONFIG.UMB, and SYSTEM.UMB.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/B	6.0	Black-and-white display.
/BATCH	6.0	From batch file, a file that runs a series of commands automatically.  MEMMAKER runs unattended and automatically takes the default action at each prompt.  Leaves a report in a MEMMAKER.STS file.
/BATCH2	6.0	Same as /BATCH, but also exits.
/SESSION	6.0	Used internally.
/SWAP:drive	6.0	For some compression programs, indicates what the new startup drive is (startup drives were swapped).
/T	6.0	Solves some specific problems with Token Ring networks.
/UNDO	6.0	Undoes recent changes.
/W:size1,size2	6.0	Reserves two regions of upper memory for Windows.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

AUTOEXEC.BAT
Batch File
Compression
CONFIG.SYS
Drive
Network
Program
Upper Memory
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MENUCOLOR
MENUCOLOR	"MENU COLOR"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets a CONFIG.SYS menu's colors.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with MENUDEFAULT and MENUITEM.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

CONFIG.SYS
Menu

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MENUDEFAULT
MENUDEFAULT	"MENU DEFAULT"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets the default CONFIG.SYS menu item.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with MENUCOLOR and MENUITEM.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

CONFIG.SYS
Menu

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MENUITEM
MENUITEM	"MENU ITEM"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Names a menu item.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with MENUCOLOR and MENUDEFAULT.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Menu

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MIRROR
MIRROR	"MIRROR"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Saves system information about a disk.

Discontinued.

Filename	Version	Size
MIRROR.COM	5.0	18,169
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.
/L	5.0 only	Latest data stored.
/PARTN	5.0 only	Save partition data.
/Tdrive[-entries]	5.0 only	Track what drive and number of entries.
/U	5.0 only	Unloads TSR tracker.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Data
Disk
Drive
Partition
System
Track
TSR

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MKDIR
MKDIR	"MaKe DIRectory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Helps to organize a disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with MD, CD, CHDIR, RD, and RMDIR.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Disk

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MODE


MODE


MODE
MODE	"MODE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	PC-DOS 1.0, MS-DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Many different uses.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CHCP, COUNTRY, DISPLAY, KEYB, NLSFUNC, PRINTER, and SELECT.

A somewhat similar Unix command is chmod, for change mode.

Filename	Version	Size
MODE.COM	2.1	3,139
4201.CPI	3.3	17,089
5202.CPI	3.3	459
EGA.CPI	3.3	49,065
LCD.CPI	3.3	10,752
MODE.COM	3.3	15,440
4201.CPI	4.01	6,404
4208.CPI	4.01	720
5202.CPI	4.01	370
EGA.CPI	4.01	49,068
LCD.CPI	4.01	10,703
MODE.COM	4.01	22,960
4201.CPI	5.0	6,404
4208.CPI	5.0	720
5202.CPI	5.0	395
EGA.CPI	5.0	58,873
LCD.CPI	5.0	10,753
MODE.COM	5.0	23,537
EGA.CPI	6.0	58,870
MODE.COM	6.0	23,521
EGA.CPI	6.2	58,870
EGA2.CPI	6.2	58,870
MODE.COM	6.2	23,569
EGA.CPI	6.22	58,870
EGA2.CPI	6.22	58,870
EGA3.CPI	6.22	49,090
MODE.COM	6.22	23,569

A Note About the Parameters:

The MODE command is actually several commands grouped under the same name.  Rather than mix all of the parameters together into one table, they have been separated somewhat by function.

General:

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

Code Pages:

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/STA	4.0	Same as /STATUS.
/STATUS	4.0	Displays information.
CP	3.3	Same as CODEPAGE.
CODEPAGE	3.3	Indicates code page function.
CP PREP=(yyy file)	4.0	Same as CODEPAGE PREPARE=(yyy file).
CP PREPARE=(yyy file)	3.3	Same as CODEPAGE PREPARE=(yyy file).
CODEPAGE PREPARE=(yyy file)	3.3	yyy is a three-digit number for a code page (character set).  file is the name of the file containing the code page.  Valid entries are below...
	3.3	437 - United States.
	3.3	850 - Multilingual (Latin I).
	5.0	852 - Eastern European (Latin II).
	6.22	855 - Cyrillic I.
	6.2	857 - Turkish.
	3.3	860 - Portugal.
	6.2	861 - Icelandic.
	3.3	863 - Canadian French.
	3.3	865 - Norway/Denmark.
	6.22	866 - Russian (Cyrillic II).
	6.2	869 - Greek.
	6.2	737 - Greek.
	6.22	862 - Hebrew
	6.22	864 - Arabic
	4.0	932 - Japan.
	4.0	934 - Korea.
	4.0	936 - Peoples Republic of China.
	4.0	938 - Taiwan.
	3.3	4201.CPI - IBM Proprinter Model 4201.
	4.0	4208.CPI - IBM Proprinter X24E Model 4207 and IBM Proprinter XL24E Model 4208.
	3.3	5202.CPI - IBM Quietwriter III Printer Model 4201.
	3.3	EGA.CPI - For EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) displays.
	6.2	EGA2.CPI - Additional options for EGA displays.
	3.3	LCD.CPI - IBM Convertible liquid crystal display.
CP REF	4.0	Same as CODEPAGE REFRESH.
CODEPAGE REFRESH	4.0	Refreshes a code page if certain errors occur.
CP SEL=yyy	4.0	Same as CODEPAGE SELECT=yyy.
CP SELECT=yyy	3.3	Same as CODEPAGE SELECT=yyy.
CODEPAGE SELECT=yyy	3.3	Selects a code page (character set).  Valid entries for yyy are the same as for CODEPAGE PREPARE=(yyy file), above.
device	3.3	device can be any of the following...
	3.3	CON - Console.
	3.3	LPT1 - Line printer 1.
	3.3	LPT2 - Line printer 2.
	3.3	LPT3 - Line printer 3.
	3.3	PRN - Printer.

Device Status:

Parameter	Version	Purpose
device	4.0	device can be any of the following...
	4.0	CON - Console.
	4.0	PRN - Printer.
	4.0	LPT1 - Line printer 1.
	4.0	LPT2 - Line printer 2.
	4.0	LPT3 - Line printer 3.
/STA	4.0	Same as /STATUS.
/STATUS	4.0	Displays information.

Display:

Parameter	Version	Purpose
cols=c	5.0	c refers to the number of characters per line.  Valid entries are...
	5.0	40.
	5.0	80.
con	5.0	Same as con:.
con:	5.0	Specifies the CONsole (video display).
display-adapter	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	display-adapter can be one of the following...
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	40 - CGA (Color Graphics Adapter), 40 characters per line.
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	80 - CGA, 80 characters per line.
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	BW40 - Black-and-white, CGA, 40 characters per line.
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	BW80 - Black-and-white, CGA, 80 characters per line.
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	CO40 - Color, CGA, 40 characters per line.
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	CO80 - Color, CGA, 80 characters per line.
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	MONO - Monochrome.
lines=n	5.0	n refers to the number of lines per display screen.  Valid entries are...
	5.0	25.
	5.0	43.
	5.0	50.
m	4.0 only	m specifies the number of characters per line.  Valid entries are...
	4.0 only	40.
	4.0 only	80.
n	4.0	n specifies the number of lines per display screen.  Valid entries are...
	4.0	25.
	4.0	43.
	4.0	50.
shift	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	Shifts the display left or right.  Valid entries are...
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	l - Left.
	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	r - Right.
t	PC 2.0, MS 3.2	Displays a test pattern.

Printer (Parallel Port):

Parameter	Version	Purpose
cols=c	4.0	Same as c.
c	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	For columns (characters per line).  Valid entries are...
	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	80.
	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	132.
lines=l	4.0	Same as l.
l	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	For lines per inch.  Valid entries are...
	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	6.
	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	8.
LPTn	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	Same as LPTn:.
LPTn:	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	n is which parallel port.  The following values are acceptable...
	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	1.
	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	2.
	PC 1.0, MS 3.2	3.
p	3.2-3.3	Continually retry printer.
retry=r	4.0	Same as r.
r	4.0	For retry.  Valid entries are as follows...
	4.0	b - returns "busy."  The DOS 4.0 manual states this is the same as the p parameter (continuous retry), above, in versions 3.2-3.3.
	4.0	e - returns "error."
	4.0	n - same as none.
	4.0	none - no retry action is taken.
	5.0	p - Continually retry printer.
	4.0	r - returns "ready."

Redirect Printing:

Parameter	Version	Purpose
COMm	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	Same as COMm:.
COMm:	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	Which COMmunications (serial) port.  Valid entries for m are...
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	1.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	2.
	5.0	3.
	5.0	4.
LPTn	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	Same as LPTn:.
LPTn:	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	Which COMmunications (serial) port.  Valid entries for n are...
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	1.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	2.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	3.

Serial Port:

Parameter	Version	Purpose
baud=b	4.0	Same as b.
b	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	For baud rate.  Possibilities are...
	5.0	11 - Same as 110.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	110.
	5.0	15 - Same as 150.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	150.
	5.0	30 - Same as 300.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	300.
	5.0	60 - Same as 600.
	4.0	600.
	5.0	12 - Same as 1200.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	1200.
	5.0	24 - Same as 2400.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	2400.
	5.0	48 - Same as 4800.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	4800.
	5.0	96 - Same as 9600.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	9600.
	5.0	19 - Same as 19,200.
	4.0	19,200.
COMm	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	Same as COMm:.
COMm:	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	Designates the serial port.  Valid entries for m are...
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	1.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	2.
	4.0	3.
	4.0	4.
data=d	4.0	Same as d.
d	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	For number of data bits per character.  Valid entries are...
	4.0	5.
	4.0	6.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	7.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	8.
parity=p	4.0	Same as p.
p	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	For parity checking.  Valid entries for p are...
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	e - even.
	4.0	m - mark.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	n - none.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	o - odd.
	4.0	s - space.
p	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	Continually retry output.
retry=r	4.0	Same as r.
r	4.0	For retry.  Valid entries are as follows...
	4.0	b - returns "busy."  The DOS 4.0 manual states this is the same as the p parameter (continuous retry) in versions 3.2-3.3.
	4.0	e - returns "error."
	4.0	none - no retry action is taken.
	4.0	r - returns "ready."
stop=s	4.0	Same as s.
s	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	For number of stop bits to indicate the end of a character.  Valid entries are...
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	1.
	4.0	1.5.
	PC 1.1, MS 3.2	2.

Typematic Rate for Keyboard:

Parameter	Version	Purpose
con	4.0	Same as con:.
con:	4.0	For CONsole (the keyboard).
delay=d	4.0	Valid entries for d are as follows...
	4.0	1 - .25 second.
	4.0	2 - .50 second.
	4.0	3 - .75 second.
	4.0	4 - 1.00 second.
rate=r	4.0	Valid entries for r are 1 to 32.  They are roughly equal to characters per second.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Character Set
Code Page
CON
EGA
File
LCD
LPT
PRN

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MORE
MORE	"MORE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	A filter that stops screen scrolling.

Microsoft Help.

Similar Unix commands are less and more.  (Less is more.)

Filename	Version	Size
MORE.COM	2.1	282
MORE.COM	3.3	384
MORE.COM	4.01	2,134
MORE.COM	5.0	2,618
MORE.COM	6.0	2,546
MORE.COM	6.2	2,545
MORE.COM	6.22	2,545
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Filter

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MOUSE
MOUSE	"MOUSE"

Type	DOS Prompt Command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Activates a mouse.
Filename	Version	Size
MOUSE.COM	6.0	56,408
MOUSE.COM	6.2	56,408
MOUSE.COM	6.22	56,408

A MOUSE.INI file may be created containing initialization information.


MOVE
MOVE	"MOVE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Moves a file.

The Unix counterpart of this command is mv, for move.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with COPY, DISKCOPY, and XCOPY.

Filename	Version	Size
MOVE.EXE	6.0	17,823
MOVE.EXE	6.2	18,319
MOVE.EXE	6.22	18,319

See COPY for information about the COPYCMD environment variable and how it works with the /Y and /-Y switches, below.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/Y	6.2	Does not warn before writing over existing files.
/-Y	6.2	Does warn before writing over existing files.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MSAV
MSAV	"MicroSoft AntiVirus"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Virus protector.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with MWAV.

Filename	Version	Size
MSAV.EXE	6.0	172,198
MSAV.HLP	6.0	23,891
MSAVHELP.OVL	6.0	19,828
MSAVIRUS.LST	6.0	35,520
MSAV.EXE	6.2	172,198
MSAV.HLP	6.2	23,891
MSAVHELP.OVL	6.2	29,828
MSAVIRUS.LST	6.2	35,520
MSAV.EXE	6.22	172,198
MSAV.HLP	6.22	23,891
MSAVHELP.OVL	6.22	29,828
MSAVIRUS.LST	6.22	35,520

This command creates a CHKLIST.MS file for each directory which saves information about that directory for future uses of the command.

This command creates an MSAV.INI file which saves initialization configurations about the command.

An MSDOSDATA environment variable can be used to specify the location of the MSAV.INI file.  MSDOSDATA is also used by MSBACKUP.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/25	6.0	Sets screen to 25 lines.
/28	6.0	Sets screen to 28 lines.
/43	6.0	Sets screen to 43 lines.
/50	6.0	Sets screen to 50 lines.
/60	6.0	Sets screen to 60 lines.
/A	6.0	All drives except A and B.
/BF	6.0	Uses the BIOS (Basic Input/Output Servies) for output.
/BW	6.0	Forces a black-and-white display.
/BT	6.0	Allows a graphical mouse.
/C	6.0	Scans and does remove viruses.
/F	6.0	Does not display filenames.
/FF	6.0	Uses a faster but, possibly, poorer display for CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) monitors.
/IN	6.0	Forces a color display.
/L	6.0	Local drives, except network drives.
/LCD	6.0	For an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
/LE	6.0	Left exchange (switch mouse buttons).
/MONO	6.0	Forces a monochrome display.
/N	6.0	Displays an MSAV.TXT file which you can create, does not use the graphical interface, and returns exit code 86 instead of a message if a virus is found (intended for use in batch files).
/NF	6.0	Disables alternate fonts.
/NGM	6.0	No graphical mouse.
/P	6.0	Does not use the graphical interface.
/PS2	6.0	Resets the mouse under certain errors.
/R	6.0	Creates an MSAV.RPT report file.
/S	6.0	Scans, but does not remove viruses.
/VIDEO	6.0	Displays switches related to the video.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Environment Variable
Virus

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MSBACKUP
MSBACKUP	"MicroSoft BACKUP"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Utility to backup files.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with BACKUP, MWBACKUP, and RESTORE.

Filename	Version	Size
MSBACKDB.OVL	6.0	63,098
MSBACKDR.OVL	6.0	66,906
MSBACKFB.OVL	6.0	69,066
MSBACKFR.OVL	6.0	72,474
MSBACKUP.EXE	6.0	5,506
MSBACKUP.HLP	6.0	314,236
MSBACKUP.OVL	6.0	133,952
MSBCONFG.HLP	6.0	45,780
MSBCONFG.OVL	6.0	47,210
VFINTD.386	6.0	5,295
MSBACKDB.OVL	6.2	63,098
MSBACKDR.OVL	6.2	66,906
MSBACKFB.OVL	6.2	69,066
MSBACKFR.OVL	6.2	72,474
MSBACKUP.EXE	6.2	5,506
MSBACKUP.HLP	6.2	314,236
MSBACKUP.OVL	6.2	133,952
MSBCONFG.HLP	6.2	45,780
MSBCONFG.OVL	6.2	47,210
VFINTD.386	6.2	5,295
MSBACKDB.OVL	6.22	63,994
MSBACKDR.OVL	6.22	68,074
MSBACKFB.OVL	6.22	69,530
MSBACKFR.OVL	6.22	73,706
MSBACKUP.EXE	6.22	5,506
MSBACKUP.HLP	6.22	314,236
MSBACKUP.OVL	6.22	133,936
MSBCONFG.HLP	6.22	45,780
MSBCONFG.OVL	6.22	47,210
VFINTD.386	6.22	5,295

An MSDOSDATA environment variable can be used to store files related to this command.  Note that MSDOSDATA is also used by MSAV.

Catalog files are created by this command with the following format...

ddYMMDDA.EXT

dd	The range of disk drives included in the backup.  For example, CH would mean that drives C through H were backed up.  CC would mean that only drive C was backed up.
Y	The year of the backup.  For example, 1994 would be 4.
MM	The month of the backup.  For example, 01 would be January.
DD	The day of the backup.  For example, 05 would be the fifth day of the month.
A	Which backup for the day.  A is the first, B is the second, and so forth.
EXT	What kind of backup.  Valid entries are as follows...
	DIF - differential.
	INC - incremental.
	FUL - full.

CC50219A.FUL would indicate the first full backup of the C drive on February 19, 1995.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/BW	6.0	Black-and-white display.
/LCD	6.0	LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
/MDA	6.0	Monochrome display adapter.
setup_file	6.0	Specifies a file which contains default settings.  Unless specified otherwise, this file is DEFAULT.SET.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Back Up
Environment Variable
File
LCD
MDA
Utility

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MSCDEX
MSCDEX	"MicroSoft Compact Disk EXtensions"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Accesses compact disks.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
MSCDEX.EXE	6.0	25,377
MSCDEX.EXE	6.2	25,361
MSCDEX.EXE	6.22	25,361
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/D:drivename	6.0	The issue is that the device driver needs to be set up in the CONFIG.SYS file as well as here.  A name needs to be used to instruct DOS that the two procedures relate to the same thing.  A suggested name is MSCD000.  Each drive being used can have a name indicated.
/E	6.0	Use expanded memory.
/K	6.0	For Kanji encoded disks.
/L:letter	6.0	Specifies a drive letter.
/M:number	6.0	Number of buffers.
/S	6.0	Enables sharing of drives on certain networks.
/V	6.0	Displays information.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Buffer
Compact Disk
Device Driver
Drive
Expanded Memory
Kanji
Network

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MSD
MSD	"MicroSoft Diagnostics"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Provides information about your computer.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
MSD.EXE	6.0	158,470
MSD.COM	6.2	867
MSD.EXE	6.2	158,470
MSD.EXE	6.22	165,864

COMPUTER.TXT is the recommended filename of the report file made with any of the following switches.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/B	6.0	Black-and-white.
/Ffilename	6.0	Prompts for certain information and then files a report to filename.
/I	6.0	Do not initially detect hardware (bypasses certain problems).
/Pfilename	6.0	Writes a report to filename.
/S	6.0	Writes a summary report to the video screen.
/Sfilename	6.0	Writes a summary report to filename.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Computer
Filename
Hardware

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MWAV
MWAV	"Microsoft Windows AntiVirus"

Type	DOS command for Windows.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Antivirus utility for Windows.

Microsoft Help.

Try out this command.

Compare with MSAV.

Filename	Version	Size
MWAV.EXE	6.0	142,640
MWAV.HLP	6.0	24,619
MWAVABSI.DLL	6.0	54,576
MWAVDLG.DLL	6.0	36,368
MWAVDOSL.DLL	6.0	44,736
MWAVDRVL.DLL	6.0	7,744
MWAVMGR.DLL	6.0	21,712
MWAVSCAN.DLL	6.0	151,568
MWAVSOS.DLL	6.0	7,888
MWAV.EXE	6.2	142,640
MWAV.HLP	6.2	24,619
MWAVABSI.DLL	6.2	54,576
MWAVDLG.DLL	6.2	36,368
MWAVDOSL.DLL	6.2	44,736
MWAVDRVL.DLL	6.2	7,744
MWAVMGR.DLL	6.2	21,712
MWAVSCAN.DLL	6.2	151,568
MWAVSOS.DLL	6.2	7,888
MWAV.EXE	6.22	142,640
MWAV.HLP	6.22	24,619
MWAVABSI.DLL	6.22	54,576
MWAVDLG.DLL	6.22	36,368
MWAVDOSL.DLL	6.22	44,736
MWAVDRVL.DLL	6.22	7,744
MWAVMGR.DLL	6.22	21,712
MWAVSCAN.DLL	6.22	151,568
MWAVSOS.DLL	6.22	7,888

This command creates an MWAV.INI initialization file.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Virus
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MWBACKUP
MWBACKUP	"Microsoft Windows BACKUP"

Type	DOS command for Windows.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Backup utility for Windows.

Microsoft Help.

Try out this command.

Compare with MSBACKUP.

Filename	Version	Size
MWBACKF.DLL	6.0	14,560
MWBACKR.DLL	6.0	111,120
MWBACKUP.EXE	6.0	309,696
MWBACKUP.HLP	6.0	400,880
MWBACKF.DLL	6.2	14,560
MWBACKR.DLL	6.2	111,120
MWBACKUP.EXE	6.2	309,696
MWBACKUP.HLP	6.2	400,880
MWBACKF.DLL	6.22	14,560
MWBACKR.DLL	6.22	111,392
MWBACKUP.EXE	6.22	315,632
MWBACKUP.HLP	6.22	400,880

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Back Up
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


MWUNDEL
MWUNDEL	"Microsoft Windows UNDELete"

Type	DOS command for Windows.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Undeletes files in Windows.

Microsoft Help.

Try out this command.

Compare with UNDELETE.

Filename	Version	Size
MWUNDEL.EXE	6.0	130,496
MWUNDEL.HLP	6.0	35,741
MWUNDEL.EXE	6.2	130,640
MWUNDEL.HLP	6.2	35,741
MWUNDEL.EXE	6.22	130,640
MWUNDEL.HLP	6.22	35,741

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Undelete
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


NLSFUNC
NLSFUNC	"National Language Support FUNCtion"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	For international support.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CHCP, COUNTRY, DISPLAY, KEYB, MODE, PRINTER, and SELECT.

Filename	Version	Size
NLSFUNC.EXE	3.3	3,029
NLSFUNC.EXE	4.01	6,878
NLSFUNC.EXE	5.0	7,052
NLSFUNC.EXE	6.0	7,036
NLSFUNC.EXE	6.2	7,036
NLSFUNC.EXE	6.22	7,036
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.


NUMLOCK
NUMLOCK	"NUMber LOCK"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets Num Lock key.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
OFF	6.0	Turns Num Lock key off.
ON	6.0	Turns Num Lock key on.


PATH
PATH	"PATH"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Sets search paths.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Path

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


PAUSE
PAUSE	"PAUSE"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Stops until the user presses a key.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.


POWER
POWER	"POWER"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Saves power for some laptops.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
POWER.EXE	6.0	8,052
POWER.EXE	6.2	8,052
POWER.EXE	6.22	8,052
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
ADV	6.0	Probably for advanced.  Is used with one of the following additional paramaters...
	6.0	ADV:MAX - Maximum power conservation.
	6.0	ADV:REG - Regular power conservation.
	6.0	ADV:MIN - Minimum power conservation.
STD	6.0	Standard power conservation.  Used with the APM (Advanced Power Management) specification.
OFF	6.0	Power conservation turned off.


PRINT
PRINT	"PRINT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Prints a file.

Microsoft Help.

Similar Unix commands are print and lpt, for line printer.

Filename	Version	Size
PRINT.COM	2.1	4,608
PRINT.COM	3.3	9,011
PRINT.COM	4.01	14,131
PRINT.EXE	5.0	15,656
PRINT.EXE	6.0	15,640
PRINT.EXE	6.2	15,656
PRINT.EXE	6.22	15,656
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B:size	2.0	Sets buffer size.
/C	2.0	Cancel files in queue.
/D:device	3.0	Specifies printer device.
/M:ticks2	2.0	Set how long DOS keeps the printer at a time.
/P	2.0	Add file to print queue.
/Q:qsize	3.0	Set queue size.
/S:ticks3	3.0	How often DOS seeks to use the printer.
/T	2.0	Terminates printing.
/U:ticks1	3.0	How long DOS waits for an unavailable printer.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Buffer
Device
File
Queue

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


PRINTER.SYS
PRINTER	"PRINTER"

Type	Device Driver.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.3-5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	For international character sets.

Compare with CHCP, COUNTRY, DISPLAY, KEYB, NLSFUNC, MODE, and SELECT.

Filename	Version	Size
PRINTER.SYS	3.3	13,590
PRINTER.SYS	4.01	18,914
PRINTER.SYS	5.0	18,804

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
hwcp	3.3-5.0	For hardware code page (character set).  hwcp can be one of the following...
	3.3-5.0	437 - United States.
	3.3-5.0	850 - Multilingual (Latin I).
	5.0 only	852 - Slavic (Latin II).
	3.3-5.0	860 - Portugal.
	3.3-5.0	863 - Canadian French.
	3.3-5.0	865 - Norway.
LPTx	3.3-5.0	x refers to which parallel port (line printer).  Valid entries are 1, 2, and 3.
n	3.3-5.0	n is the number of additional code pages (character sets) that can be used.
PRN	3.3-5.0	For printer.
type	3.3-5.0	type can be one of the following...
	3.3-5.0	4201 - IBM 4201 Proprinter family and IBM 4202 Proprinter XL.
	3.3-5.0	4208 - IBM 4207 or 4208 and IBM Proprinter X24 or XL24.
	3.3-5.0	5202 - IBM 5202 Quietwriter III.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Character Set
Code Page
Parallel Port

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


PROMPT
PROMPT	"PROMPT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Changes DOS Prompt.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

The PROMPT command uses the following codes...

$_ = Goes to next line.
$$ = Displays $ character.
$B = Displays | character.
$D = Displays current date.
$E = The <Esc> key.
$G = Displays > character.
$H = Goes back a space.
$L = Displays < character.
$N = Displays current disk drive.
$P = Displays current path.
$Q = Displays = character.
$T = Displays current time.
$V = Displays current DOS version.

Here are some examples.  The default PROMPT command with no parameters, like this...

PROMPT

...displays a prompt that shows only the disk drive and the > character, like this:

C>

The standard PROMPT command, which DOS installs for you, is...

PROMPT $P$G

...which displays the path and the > character, like this...

C:

The escape key can be used like this...

PROMPT $E[

...to access ANSI codes.

The WINPMT environment variable can be used to set a different prompt for when Windows is running.

A huge number of other possibilites exist, and one can get quite creative with the PROMPT command.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

ANSI
Character
Disk
DOS Prompt
Environment Variable
Path
Prompt
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


QBASIC
QBASIC	"Quick BASIC"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	A variation of the BASIC programming language.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with BASIC, BASICA, and GWBASIC.

Filename	Version	Size
GORILLA.BAS	5.0	29,434
MONEY.BAS	5.0	46,225
NIBBLES.BAS	5.0	24,103
QBASIC.EXE	5.0	254,799
QBASIC.HLP	5.0	130,810
REMLINE.BAS	5.0	12,314
QBASIC.EXE	6.0	194,309
QBASIC.HLP	6.0	130,881
QBASIC.EXE	6.2	194,309
QBASIC.HLP	6.2	130,881
QBASIC.EXE	6.22	194,309
QBASIC.HLP	6.22	130,881

This command creates a QBASIC.INI initialization file.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B	5.0	Black and white.
/EDITOR	5.0	Full screen editor.
/G	5.0	CGA.
/H	5.0	Display maximum lines.
/MBH	5.0	Converts functions.
/NOHI	5.0	No high-intensity colors.
/RUN	5.0	Run a program.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

CGA
High-Intensity
Program

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


RAMDRIVE.SYS
RAMDRIVE	"Random Access Memory disk DRIVE"

Type	Device Driver.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Creates a disk drive in memory.

Note:  In IBM versions of DOS, RAMDRIVE.SYS was called VDISK.SYS, for Virtual DISK.	Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
VDISK.SYS	3.3	3,455
RAMDRIVE.SYS	4.01	8,235
RAMDRIVE.SYS	5.0	5,873
RAMDRIVE.SYS	6.0	5,873
RAMDRIVE.SYS	6.2	5,873
RAMDRIVE.SYS	6.22	5,873
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/A	3.2	Use expanded memory.
/E	3.2	Use extended memory.
DiskSize	3.2	DiskSize is how big, in kilobytes.  Valid entries are as follows...
	3.2-5.0	16 to 4096.
	6.0	4 to 32767.
NumEntries	3.2	NumEntries is the maximum number of directory entries allowed in the root directory.  Valid entries are as follows...
	3.2-3.3	3 to 1024.
	4.0	4 to 1024.
	5.0	2 to 1024.
SectorSize	3.2	SectorSize is the size of the sectors.  Valid entries are as follows...
	3.2-4.01	128, 256, 512, and 1024.
	5.0	128, 256, and 512.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Disk Drive
Expanded Memory
Extended Memory
Kilobyte
Memory
Root
Sector

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


RD
RD	"ReMove DIRectory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Helps to organize a disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CD, CHDIR, MD, and RMDIR.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Disk

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


RECOVER
RECOVER	"RECOVER"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Recovers file fragments.
Filename	Version	Size
RECOVER.COM	2.1	2,304
RECOVER.COM	3.3	4,268
RECOVER.COM	4.01	10,588
RECOVER.EXE	5.0	9,146

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0 only	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File Fragment

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


REM
REM	"REMark"

Type	Batch file command, and CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Allows a remark to be entered.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.


REN
REN	"REName"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Renames a file.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with RENAME.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


RENAME
RENAME	"RENAME"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Renames a file.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with REN.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


REPLACE
REPLACE	"REPLACE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Replaces specified files with other specified files.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
REPLACE.EXE	3.3	13,234
REPLACE.EXE	4.01	19,415
REPLACE.EXE	5.0	20,226
REPLACE.EXE	6.0	20,226
REPLACE.EXE	6.2	20,274
REPLACE.EXE	6.22	20,274
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/A	3.2	Add new files.
/D	3.2 only	Only updated files.
/P	3.2	Prompt for each file.
/R	3.2	Read-only files can be overwritten.
/S	3.2	Subdirectories.
/U	4.0	Only updated files.
/W	3.2	Wait for disk to be changed.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk
File
Subdirectory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


RESTORE
RESTORE	"RESTORE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Restores backed up files.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with BACKUP and MSBACKUP.

Filename	Version	Size
RESTORE.COM	2.1	4,003
RESTORE.COM	3.3	35,650
RESTORE.COM	4.01	36,946
RESTORE.EXE	5.0	38,294
RESTORE.EXE	6.0	38,294
RESTORE.EXE	6.2	38,342
RESTORE.EXE	6.22	38,342
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/A:date	2.0	Acts on files after a date.
/B:date	2.0	Acts on files before date.
/D	5.0	Displays without restoring.
/E:time	2.0	Files earlier than "time".
/L:time	2.0	Act on files later than "time".
/M	2.0	Modified files.
/N	2.0	Act on files not on target disk.
/P	2.0	Prompt before certain files.
/S	2.0	Subdirectories.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File
Target Disk
Subdirectory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


RMDIR
RMDIR	"ReMove DIRectory"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Helps to organize a disk.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CD, CHDIR, MD, MKDIR, and RD.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk
Directory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SCANDISK
SCANDISK	"SCAN DISK"

Type	DOS Prompt Command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Scans a disk for errors.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with CHKDSK.

Filename	Version	Size
SCANDISK.EXE	6.2	119,761
SCANDISK.INI	6.2	6,470
SCANDISK.EXE	6.22	124,262
SCANDISK.INI	6.22	6,920
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.2	Help.
/ALL	6.2	Scan all local drives.
/AUTOFIX	6.2	Fixes errors without prompting.
/CHECKONLY	6.2	Finds, but does not fix, errors.
/CUSTOM	6.2	Uses [Custom] section in SCANDISK.INI file.  Especially useful in batch files.
/MONO	6.2	For monochrome display monitors.
/NOSAVE	6.2	Does not save lost clusters.
/NOSUMMARY	6.2	Does not display a summary.
/SURFACE	6.2	Does a surface scan.
volume-name	6.2	The name of a CVF (compressed volume file).  For example, DBLSPACE.000.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Batch File
CVF
Disk
Lost Cluster

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SELECT
SELECT	"SELECT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	PC-DOS 1.0 and MS-DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Sets international configurations.

Compare with CHCP, COUNTRY, DISPLAY, KEYB, NLSFUNC, MODE, and PRINTER.

Filename	Version	Size
SELECT.COM	4.01	4,132
SELECT.DAT	4.01	22,999
SELECT.EXE	4.01	95,107
SELECT.HLP	4.01	28,695
SELECT.PRT	4.01	1,329

Discontinued.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
MENU	4.0-4.01	Use menu system.


SET
SET	"SET"

Type	DOS prompt command, and CONFIG.SYS command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Views and changes MS-DOS variables.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

SET can be used to designate a temporary directory in a TEMP variable.  This directory is then used for temporary files by some programs.

Variables which are created by the SET command can be used by batch files by enclosing them with the % character, like this...

%...%

For example, if the following variable is created...

SET X=C:

It can be referred to in a batch file like this...

%X%

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Environment Variable
Program
Variable

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SETUP
SETUP	"SETUP"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Installs DOS.
Filename	Version	Size
CV.COM	5.0	716
MSHERC.COM	5.0	6,934
PRINTFIX.COM	5.0	236
SETUP.EXE	5.0	73,860
SETUP.INI	5.0	2,054
BUSETUP.EXE	6.0	74,767
DOSSETUP.INI	6.0	14,324
SETUP.EXE	6.0	99,508
SETUP.MSG	6.0	1,290
BUSETUP.EXE	6.2	74,767
DOSSETUP.INI	6.2	14,324
SETUP.EXE	6.2	107,751
SETUP.MSG	6.2	1,205
UPDATE.INI	6.2	12,950
BUSETUP.EXE	6.22	73,755
DOSSETUP.INI	6.22	14,607
SETUP.EXE	6.22	111,299
SETUP.MSG	6.22	1,830
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/B	5.0	Black-and-white display.
/E	6.0	Installs optional programs.
/F	5.0	Install on floppy disk.
/G	6.0	No uninstall disk and no network prompt.
/H	6.0	Uses default options.
/I	6.0	No hardware detection.
/M	6.0	Minimal installation.
/Q	6.0	Copies files to a hard disk.
/U	6.0	Attempts installation even if partitions may not be compatible.

SETUP may create a directory of the form OLD_DOS.1 containing the files of an older version of DOS being replaced.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
File
Floppy Disk
Hard Disk
Hardware
Network
Partition
Program
Uninstall Disk

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SETVER
SETVER	"SET VERsion"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Fixes version problems for certain programs.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
SETVER.EXE	5.0	12,007
SETVER.EXE	6.0	12,015
SETVER.EXE	6.2	12,015
SETVER.EXE	6.22	12,015
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/D	5.0	Same as /DELETE.
/DELETE	5.0	Deletes an entry.
/QUIET	5.0	Hide a message.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Program

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SHARE
SHARE	"SHARE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Used in networking.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
SHARE.EXE	3.3	8,608
SHARE.EXE	4.01	13,424
SHARE.EXE	5.0	10,912
SHARE.EXE	6.0	10,912
SHARE.EXE	6.2	10,912
SHARE.EXE	6.22	10,912
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/F:space	3.0	File-sharing information size.
/L:locks	3.0	Set number of file-region locks.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File
Network

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SHELL
SHELL	"SHELL"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets command processor information.

Microsoft Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Command Processor
Shell

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SHIFT
SHIFT	"SHIFT"

Type	Batch File Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Shifts parameters into variables.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Parameter
Variable

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SMARTDRV
SMARTDRV	"SMART DRiVe"

Type	4.0-5.0, CONFIG.SYS command; 6.0, DOS promptcommand.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Buffers disk accesses.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
SMARTDRV.SYS	4.01	10,224
SMARTDRV.SYS	5.0	8,335
SMARTDRV.EXE	6.0	42,073
SMARTDRV.EXE	6.2	45,145
SMARTDRV.EXE	6.22	45,145
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/B:buffersize	6.0	Sets the size in bytes of the read buffer.  It must be a multiple of elementsize.
/C	6.0	Immediately writes all cached data to disk.
/E:elementsize	6.0	Instructs the command how many bytes to move at once during caching.  Valid values are...
	6.0	1024.
	6.0	2048.
	6.0	4096.
	6.0	8192.
/F	6.0	Writes cached data to disk after each command.
/L	6.0	Prevents SMARTDRV from loading into UMB's (upper memory blocks).
/N	6.0	Does not keep DOS prompt from appearing before all data is written to disk.
/Q	6.0	Disables messages.
/R	6.0	Restarts SMARTDRV.
/S	6.0	Displays status information.
/U	6.0	Disables caching for CD-ROM's (compact disk, read-only memories).
/V	6.0	Displays messages.
/X	6.0	Disables write-caching for all drives except those specified otherwise.
drive+	6.0	Turns on disk caching for drive.
drive-	6.0	Turns off disk caching for drive.
InitCacheSize	6.0	The initial size in memory of the cache.
WinCacheSize	6.0	The size in memory of the cache when Windows is running.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Buffer
Byte
Cache
Data
Disk
DOS Prompt
Drive
Memory
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SMARTMON
SMARTMON	"SMART drive MONitor"

Type	DOS command for Windows.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Monitors SMARTDRV from Windows.

Microsoft Help.

Try out this command.

Filename	Version	Size
SMARTMON.EXE	6.0	28,672
SMARTMON.HLP	6.0	10,727
SMARTMON.EXE	6.2	28,672
SMARTMON.HLP	6.2	10,727
SMARTMON.EXE	6.22	28,672
SMARTMON.HLP	6.22	10,727

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SORT
SORT	"SORT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	A filter that sorts the contents of files.

Microsoft Help.

See, also, DOS Redirection, for  examples using SORT.

Filename	Version	Size
SORT.EXE	2.1	1,408
SORT.EXE	3.3	1,946
SORT.EXE	4.01	5,882
SORT.EXE	5.0	6,938
SORT.EXE	6.0	6,922
SORT.EXE	6.2	6,938
SORT.EXE	6.22	6,938
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/+n	2.0	Column to sort.
/R	2.0	Reverse order.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File
Filter

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


STACKS
STACKS	"STACKS"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets stacks for interrupt handlers.

Microsoft Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Interrupt

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SUBMENU
SUBMENU	"SUBMENU"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Names a CONFIG.SYS submenu.

Microsoft Help.


SUBST
SUBST	"SUBSTitute"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.1.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Confuses names of directories.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with APPEND, ASSIGN, and JOIN.

Filename	Version	Size
SUBST.EXE	3.3	10,552
SUBST.EXE	4.01	18,467
SUBST.EXE	5.0	18,478
SUBST.EXE	6.0	18,478
SUBST.EXE	6.2	18,526
SUBST.EXE	6.22	18,526
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/D	3.1	Delete existing substitutions.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SWITCHES
SWITCHES	"SWITCHES"

Type	CONFIG.SYS Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Sets certain options.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/F	6.0	Skips two-second delay in booting.
/K	5.0	Have enhanced keyboard act like conventional keyboard.
/N	6.0	Disables <F5> and <F8> keys during boot.
/W	6.0	Indicates that the WINA20.386 file has been moved from the root directory.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Boot
Directory
Root

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


SYS
SYS	"SYStem"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	Alternate way of making a boot disk.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
SYS.COM	2.1	1,680
SYS.COM	3.3	4,725
SYS.COM	4.01	11,456
SYS.COM	5.0	13,440
SYS.COM	6.0	9,379
SYS.COM	6.2	9,432
SYS.COM	6.22	9,432
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Boot Disk

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


TIME
TIME	"TIME"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Views and changes the time.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DATE.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
A	5.0	Stands for "a.m."
P	5.0	stands for "p.m."


TREE
TREE	"TREE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Views a disk structure.

Microsoft Help.

Filename	Version	Size
TREE.COM	2.1	1,513
TREE.COM	3.3	3,540
TREE.COM	4.01	6,302
TREE.COM	5.0	6,901
TREE.COM	6.0	6,898
TREE.COM	6.2	6,945
TREE.COM	6.22	6,945
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/A	4.0	Displays in ASCII characters.
/F	3.2	Filenames displayed.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

ASCII
Disk
Filename

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


TRUENAME
TRUENAME	"TRUE NAME"

Type	DOS Prompt Command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 4.0.
Value to Beginners	Poor.
Comments	See below.

TRUENAME is an undocumented command that has appeared widely in the press.  It is undocumented in the sense that it does not appear in the Microsoft DOS manuals.  However, it is in widespread use, and, thus, is reported here.  Keep in mind that by not documenting it, Microsoft is not officially supporting it, and its usage cannot be guaranteed.

The problem which TRUENAME addresses is that the ASSIGN, JOIN, and SUBST commands can fake which drives and directories are the real ones.  TRUENAME reveals the real drive and directory which is in current use.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.2	Displays comment.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Directory
Drive

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


TYPE
TYPE	"TYPE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 1.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Views the contents of a file.

Microsoft Help.

A similar Unix command is cat, for catenate.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


UNDELETE
UNDELETE	"UNDELETE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Undeletes files under certain conditions.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with DEL and ERASE.

Filename	Version	Size
UNDELETE.EXE	5.0	13,924
UNDELETE.EXE	6.0	26,420
UNDELETE.EXE	6.2	26,416
UNDELETE.EXE	6.22	26,416

This command may create an UNDELETE.INI initialization file.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/ALL	5.0	Retrieves all files.
/DOS	5.0	Uses only the internal DOS directory to search for deleted files.  Ignores PCTRACKR.DEL and SENTRY.
/DS	6.0	Uses the SENTRY directory.
/DT	5.0	Use deletion tracking file.
/LIST	5.0	List files.
/LOAD	6.0	Loads delete-tracking program into memory using the UNDELETE.INI file, if it exists.
/PURGEdrive	6.0	Deletes the files in the SENTRY directory.  drive indicates where to look for the directory.
/Sdrive	6.0	Enables the SENTRY program on drive.
/STATUS	6.0	Displays status information.
/Tdrive-entries	6.0	Uses PCTRACKER.DEL to track deletions on drive.  entries specifies how many deletions to keep track of.
/UNLOAD	6.0	Unloads the delete-tracking program from memory.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Delete
Directory
Drive
File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


UNFORMAT
UNFORMAT	"UNFORMAT"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 5.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Unformats disks under certain conditions.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with FORMAT.

Filename	Version	Size
UNFORMAT.COM	5.0	18,576
UNFORMAT.COM	6.0	12,738
UNFORMAT.COM	6.2	12,738
UNFORMAT.COM	6.22	12,738
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/J	5.0 only	"Judges" whether MIRROR.FIL matches.
/L	5.0	List what is found.
/P	5.0	Send to printer.
/PARTN	5.0 only	Restore partition data.
/TEST	5.0	How files would be recreated without the MIRROR.FIL.
/U	5.0 only	Do not use MIRROR.FIL file.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Disk
Format
Partition
Unformat

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


UNINSTAL
UNINSTAL	"UNINSTALl"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Uninstalls current version of DOS to previous version.
Filename	Version	Size
UNINSTAL.EXE	6.0	77,166
UNINSTAL.EXE	6.2	86,310
UNINSTAL.EXE	6.22	87,995


VER
VER	"VERsion"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Displays MS-DOS version.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/R	5.0	Shows revision level.


VERIFY
VERIFY	"VERIFY"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Verifies that a file has been copied.

Microsoft Help.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
OFF	2.0	Turn VERIFY off.
ON	2.0	Turn VERIFY on.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

File

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


VOL
VOL	"VOLume"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	Internal.
Versions	DOS 2.0.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Displays Volume Label.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with LABEL.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Label
Volume

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


VSAFE
VSAFE	"Virus SAFE"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 6.0.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Continuously scans for viruses.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with MSAV.

Filename	Version	Size
MWAVTSR.EXE	6.0	17,328
VSAFE.COM	6.0	62,576
MWAVTSR.EXE	6.2	17,328
VSAFE.COM	6.2	62,576
MWAVTSR.EXE	6.22	17,328
VSAFE.COM	6.22	62,576
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	6.0	Help.
/Ax	6.0	Specifies a hot key to be used with the <ALT> key.  For example, /AT makes the combination <ALT><T> the hot key.
/Cx	6.0	Specifies a hot key to be used with the <CTRL> key.  For example, /CT makes the combination <CTRL><T> the hot key.
/D	6.0	Disables checksumming.
/N	6.0	Monitors network drives.
/NE	6.0	Does not load into expanded memory.
/NX	6.0	Does not load into extended memory.
/option	6.0	option can be the following...
	6.0	1+ - Warns that the hard disk could be formatted and erased.
	6.0	1- - Turns off the 1+ warning.
	6.0	2+ - Warns that a program is trying to stay in memory.
	6.0	2- - Turns off the 2+ warning.
	6.0	3+ - Stops programs from writing to a disk.
	6.0	3- - Turns off 3+.
	6.0	4+ - Checks programs being started.
	6.0	4- - Turns off 4+.
	6.0	5+ - Checks all disk boot sectors.
	6.0	5- - Turns off 5+.
	6.0	6+ - Warns of changes to boot sectors and partition tables of the hard disk.
	6.0	6- - Turns off the 6+ warning.
	6.0	7+ - Warns of changes to boot sectors of floppy disks.
	6.0	7- - Turns off the 7+ warning.
	6.0	8+ - Warns that a program is being changed.
	6.0	8- - Turns off the 8+ warning.
/U	6.0	Unloads VSAFE from memory.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Boot Sector
Drive
Extended Memory
Format
Hard Disk
Network
Partition
Program
Virus

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


XCOPY
XCOPY	"eXtended COPY"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	DOS 3.2.
Value to Beginners	Moderate.
Comments	Expert way to copy files.

Microsoft Help.

Compare with COPY, DISKCOPY, and MOVE.

Filename	Version	Size
XCOPY.EXE	3.3	11,216
XCOPY.EXE	4.01	17,055
XCOPY.EXE	5.0	15,804
XCOPY.EXE	6.0	15,820
XCOPY.EXE	6.2	16,930
XCOPY.EXE	6.22	16,930

See COPY for information on using the COPYCMD environment variable with the /Y and /-Y switches, below.

Parameter	Version	Purpose
/?	5.0	Help.
/A	3.2	Copies files with the archive bit set; does not change the archive bit.
/D:date	3.2	Only files since "date".
/E	3.2	Copy empty subdirectories.
/M	3.2	Copies files with archive bit set and then turns off the archive bit.
/P	3.2	Prompt for each file.
/S	3.2	Non-empty subdirectories.
/V	3.2	Verify each file.
/W	3.2	Wait for disk to be changed.
/Y	6.2	Does not warn before overwriting files.
/-Y	6.2	Does warn before overwriting files.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Archive Bit
Disk
File
Subdirectory

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


HAC DOS Detailed Table of Contents

What Is DOS?
Okay, an operating system.  But, what's that?.

Special Keys
Special actions you can take from the keyboard.

DOS Prompt Commands
Commands one can enter from the DOS prompt.

DOS Windows Commands
DOS Commands one can access from Windows.

DOS Non-Windows Commands
DOS Commands which should not be started from Windows.

DOS Batch File Commands
Commands for use in batch files.

DOS CONFIG.SYS Commands
Commands for the CONFIG.SYS file.

DOS Device Drivers
Device drivers for the CONFIG.SYS file.

Other DOS Files
DOS files not associated with specific commands.

DOS Versions
Information on DOS versions.

DOS Macros
The Macro Starter Kit.

DOS Redirection
Redirecting input and output.

DOS Interrupts
Subroutines available to programs.


DOS Prompt Commands

These are the DOS commands which are intended to be entered from the DOS prompt.

Command 	What it stands for

APPEND	APPEND
ASSIGN	ASSIGN
ATTRIB	ATTRIBute
BACKUP	BACKUP
BASIC	Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BASICA	BASIC, Advanced
BREAK	BREAK
CD	CHange DIRectory
CHCP	CHange Code Page
CHDIR	CHange DIRectory
CHKDSK	CHecK DiSK
CLS	CLear Screen
COMMAND	COMMAND
COMP	COMPare
COPY	COPY
CTTY	Change TeleTYpe
DATE	DATE
DBLSPACE	DouBLe SPACE
DEBUG	DEBUG
DEFRAG	DEFRAGment
DEL	DELete
DELOLDOS	DELete OLd DOS
DELTREE	DELete TREE
DIR	DIRectory
DISKCOMP	DISK COMPare
DISKCOPY	DISK COPY
DOSKEY	DOS KEYboard
DOSSHELL	DOS SHELL
DRVSPACE	DRiVe SPACE
EDIT	EDIT
EDLIN	EDit LINe
EMM386	Expanded Memory Manager for 386
ERASE	ERASE
EXE2BIN	EXEcutable to BINary
EXIT	EXIT
EXPAND	EXPAND
FASTHELP	FAST HELP
FASTOPEN	FAST OPEN
FC	File Compare
FDISK	Fixed DISK
FIND	FIND
FORMAT	FORMAT
GRAFTABL	GRAph TABLe
GRAPHICS	GRAPHICS
GWBASIC	Gee Wiz BASIC
HELP	HELP
INTERLNK	INTERLiNK
INTERSVR	INTERSerVeR
JOIN	JOIN
KEYB	KEYBoard
LABEL	LABEL
LH	Load High
LINK	LINK
LOADFIX	LOAD FIX
LOADHIGH	LOAD HIGH
MD	MaKe DIRectory
MEM	MEMory
MEMMAKER	MEMory MAKER
MKDIR	MaKe DIRectory
MIRROR	MIRROR
MODE	MODE
MORE	MORE
MOUSE	MOUSE
MOVE	MOVE
MSAV	MicroSoft AntiVirus
MSBACKUP	MicroSoft BACKUP
MSCDEX	MicroSoft Compact Disk EXtensions
MSD	MicroSoft Diagnostics
NLSFUNC	National Language Support FUNCtion
PATH	PATH
POWER	POWER
PRINT	PRINT
PROMPT	PROMPT
QBASIC	QBASIC
RD	ReMove DIRectory
RECOVER	RECOVER
REN	REName
RENAME	RENAME
REPLACE	REPLACE
RESTORE	RESTORE
RMDIR	ReMove DIRectory
SCANDISK	SCAN DISK
SELECT	SELECT
SET	SET
SETUP	SETUP
SETVER	SET VERsion
SHARE	SHARE
SMARTDRV	SMARTDRiVe
SORT	SORT
SUBST	SUBSTitute
SYS	SYStem
TIME	TIME
TREE	TREE
TRUENAME	TRUE NAME
TYPE	TYPE
UNDELETE	UNDELETE
UNFORMAT	UNFORMAT
VER	VERsion
VERIFY	VERIFY
VOL	VOLume
VSAFE	Virus SAFE
XCOPY	eXtended COPY


DOS Windows Commands

These are the DOS commands which are intended to be used in Windows.

Command 	What it stands for

MWAV	Microsoft Windows AntiVirus
MWBACKUP	Microsoft Windows BACKUP
MWUNDEL	Microsoft Windows UNDELete
SMARTMON	SMARTDRV MONitor


DOS Non-Windows Commands

These are the DOS commands which cannot or should not be started while Windows is running.

Command 	What it stands for

APPEND	APPEND
CHKDSK/F	CHecK DiSK
DBLSPACE	DouBLe SPACE
DEFRAG	DEFRAGment
DRVSPACE	DRiVe SPACE
EMM386	Expanded Memory Manager for 386
FASTOPEN	FAST OPEN
MEMMAKER	MEMory MAKER
MSCDEX	MicroSoft Compact Disk EXtensions
MSD	MicroSoft Diagnostics
NLSFUNC	National Language Support FUNCtion
SCANDISK	SCAN DISK
SMARTDRV	SMARTDRiVe
SUBST	SUBSTitute
VSAFE	Virus SAFE


DOS Batch File Commands

These are the DOS commands which are intended to be used in batch files.

Command 	What it stands for

CALL	CALL
CHOICE	CHOICE
ECHO	ECHO
FOR	FOR
GOTO	GO TO
IF	IF
PAUSE	PAUSE
REM	REMark
SHIFT	SHIFT


DOS CONFIG.SYS Commands

These are the DOS commands which are intended to be used in the CONFIG.SYS file.

Command 	What it stands for

BREAK	BREAK
BUFFERS	BUFFERS
COUNTRY	COUNTRY
DEVICE	DEVICE
DEVICEHIGH	DEVICE HIGH
DOS	DOS
DRIVPARM	DRIVe PARaMeters
FCBS	File Control Block Set
FILES	FILES
INCLUDE	INCLUDE
INSTALL	INSTALL
LASTDRIVE	LAST DRIVE
MENUCOLOR	MENU COLOR
MENUDEFAULT	MENU DEFAULT
MENUITEM	MENU ITEM
NUMLOCK	NUMber LOCK
REM	REMark
SET	SET
SHELL	SHELL
SMARTDRV	SMARTDRiVe
STACKS	STACKS
SUBMENU	SUBMENU
SWITCHES	SWITCHES


DOS Device Drivers

These are the DOS device drivers which are intended to be used in the CONFIG.SYS file.

Command 	What it stands for

ANSI.SYS	American National Standards Institute
DISPLAY.SYS	DISPLAY
DRIVER.SYS	disk DRIVER
EGA.SYS	Enhanced Graphics Adapter.
EMM386.SYS	Expanded Memory Manager for 386.
HIMEM.SYS	HIgh MEMory manager.
PRINTER.SYS	PRINTER.
RAMDRIVE.SYS	Random Access Memory disk DRIVE.
VDISK.SYS	Virtual DISK.  Same as RAMDRIVE.


Special Keys

These are special things you can do from the keyboard.  (DOSKEY keys are not included, here.)  The template is a storage area that contains the previous command typed, if any, at the DOS prompt.

Key 	Version 	What It Does

.	1.0	Represents the current directory.
..	1.0	Represents the parent directory.
<ALT>	6.0	Hold this down when you turn on your computer and see the Starting MS-DOS... message.  Then, HIMEM.SYS and EMM386 will display messages while they load in the CONFIG.SYS file.
<ALT><nnn>	1.0	nnn is the three-digit code number for a character.  Use this to access characters that are not on the keyboard.
<ALT><Left Shift>	6.2	Switches to the secondary mode (Greek) of a Greek keyboard.
	6.22	Switches to the secondary mode (Cyrillic) of a Bulgarian, Russian, Serbia/Montenegro, or Macedonia keyboard.
<ALT><Right Shift>	6.2	Switches to the primary mode (Latin) of a Greek keyboard.
	6.22	Switches to the primary mode (Latin) of a Bulgarian, Russian, Serbia/Montenegro, or Macedonia keyboard.
<CTRL><ALT> <DELETE>	1.0	Restarts the computer.
<CTRL><ALT><F1>	4.0	Switches to the default code page (character set), the United States.
<CTRL><ALT><F2>	4.0	Switches to an alternate code page (character set) if installed.
<CTRL><ALT><F7>	5.0	Switches to the code page (character set) appropriate for the keyboard.
<CTRL><BREAK>	1.0	Sometimes stops batch files and programs in their tracks.  The BREAK command turns this feature on and off.
<CTRL><C>	1.0	Same as <CTRL><BREAK>.
<CTRL><F5>	6.2	Hold this down when you turn on your computer and see the Starting MS-DOS... message.  DBLSPACE, as well as CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT will not be executed.  The DBLSPACE /SWITCHES command turns this feature off.
<CTRL><F8>	6.2	Hold this down when you turn on your computer and see the Starting MS-DOS... message.  DBLSPACE, as well as CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT will not be executed.  You may be allowed to do a limited amount of stepping through the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files.  See <ESC> and <F5>.  The DBLSPACE /SWITCHES command turns this feature off.
<CTRL><H>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, erases the last character.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<CTRL><J>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, drops the cursor to the next line so that a command can be longer than the video screen is wide.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<CTRL><Left Shift>	6.2	Switches to the secondary mode (Latin II) of a French Canadian keyboard.
<CTRL><N>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, copies screen messages to a printer as they occur.
<CTRL><P>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, sends messages to a printer instead of the video screen as they occur.
<CTRL><Right Shift>	6.2	Switches to the primary mode (Latin) of a French Canadian keyboard.
<CTRL><S>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, suspends output to the video screen.  Use this to stop scrolling so that you can read it.  Press any key except <PAUSE> to resume output.
<CTRL><X>	1.0-4.0	At the DOS prompt, erases the line.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<CTRL><Z>	1.0	The end-of-file character (character number 1A in the hexadecimal numerial system).
<DEL>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, skips over a character in the template.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<ESC>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, erases the line.
<ESC>	6.0	If you are stepping through files as a result of pressing <F8> or <CTRL><F8>, pressing <ESC> will automatically process the remaining commands.
<F1>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, copies one character from the template.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<F2>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, copies the characters up to a specified character from the template.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<F3>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, copies remaining characters from the template.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<F4>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, skips over characters in the template to a specified character.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<F5>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, copies the current entry to the template.  Outdated.  Use DOSKEY, instead.
<F5>	6.0	Hold this down when you turn on your computer and see the Starting MS-DOS... message.  CONFIG.SYS will not be executed.  The SWITCHES /N switch turns this feature off.  Also, when stepping through files as a result of pressing <F8> or <CTRL><F8>, pressing <F5> will bypass the remaining commands.
<F5>	6.2	Hold this down when you turn on your computer and see the Starting MS-DOS... message.  CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT will not be executed.  The SWITCHES /N switch turns this feature off.  Also, when stepping through files as a result of pressing <F8> or <CTRL><F8>, pressing <F5> will bypass the remaining commands.
<F5>, <F5>	6.2	The Windows File Manager might hang while using automounting DoubleSpace on a floppy disk.  Pressing <F5> twice corrects this.
<F6>	1.0	At the DOS prompt, inserts an end-of-file character (<CTRL><Z>, character number 1A in the hexadecimal numerical system).
<F8>	6.0	Hold this down when you turn on your computer and see the Starting MS-DOS... message.  CONFIG.SYS will not be executed.  SWITCHES /N turns this feature off.
<F8>	6.2	Hold this down when you turn on your computer and see the Starting MS-DOS... message.  CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT will not be executed.  SWITCHES /N turns this feature off.
<INS>	1.0	Toggles insert mode on and off.
<PAUSE>	1.0	Stops screen scrolling.  Press any key except <PAUSE> to resume.
<SHIFT> <PRINT SCREEN>	1.0	Prints the screen.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

AUTOEXEC.BAT
Batch File
Character
Code Page
Command
Computer
CONFIG.SYS
Directory
DOS Prompt
File
Floppy Disk
Hexadecimal
Output
Parent Directory
Printer
Program
Screen
Scrolling

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


Macros

A DOS macro is a set of commands that can be run by entering the name of the macro.

The primary difference between a batch file and a macro is where they are kept:  a batch file is stored on a disk; and, a macro is stored in RAM.  The primary advantage of a macro is that it is immediately available without a disk access.  The main disadvantage is that one takes up RAM.

Frankly, macros are probably not that useful.  Do not feel any obligation to learn them.  However, if you are interested, more information follows.

Macros can use the following special codes...

$G redirects output like the > symbol.

$G$G appends output like the >> symbols.

$L redirects input like the < symbol.

$B pipes output like the | symbol.

$T separates commands.

$$ means the $ character.

$1 through $9 represent parameters like the %1 to %9 variables in batch files.

$* is a single variable that holds all of the parameters, $1 to $9 combined.

The Macro Starter Kit

The Macro Starter Kit is included to demonstrate how to create macros.  This kit consists of a batch file, MACROS.BAT, and a set of instructions which follow, below.  See batch file.  Whether you skip the Starter Kit, just read through it, or use it to actually create your own macros is up to you, but beware that it requires some DOS expertise.

The Starter Kit is a collection of 19 macros which require MS-DOS version 5 or higher.  They are...

format
mbeep
mclear
mdate
mdir
mfilelist
mfind
mformfeed
mhelp
mlinefeed
mlinefeed8
mmd
mmem
mparent
mprint
mroot
mtime
mtype
mwhereis

They are described in more detail, below.  But, this is how to install them...

Note, in the explanations, an entry in red indicates exactly how to type something, or exactly what something looks like; and, an entry in purple indicates that something else should be entered in the place of what appears there.  Something in brackets, [ ], means that it is optional (do not enter the brackets, themselves).

(1)  Print this topic so you can refer to it while following the instructions and trying out the macros.  Then, exit to DOS to set up and run the macros.

(2)  Put the following command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file:

DOSKEY /BUFSIZE=1024>NUL

This reserves some memory for the macros.  It needs to be in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file because the buffer size should only be set once, and this way one does not accidentally do it again in any other batch file.  Don't forget to reboot.

(3)  The macros are located in the MACROS.BAT file.  Copy this file to whatever directory you use to keep your batch files in.  Then, run it. The batch file will install the macros for you.

(4)  Refer to the following explanations of the macros as you try them out.  Some are easy, some are not.  To try a macro, simply enter the macro's name at the DOS prompt.  Look at the descriptions of each macro, listed below, to see if parameters or switches are needed.  Some macros are extremely fast, and others may take several seconds.

(5)  Use the editor of your choice to change the MACROS.BAT file.  You have four options:

A)  The macros you like, keep.
B)  The macros you don't like, delete.
C)  The macros you almost like, change.
D)  Add your own macros to the file.

Beware:  The MACROS.BAT file contains ASCII control characters, such as beep, formfeed, and linefeed characters.  You may have to figure out how the editor handles these characters.

(6)  Run the MACROS.BAT file, again, (and, again,) until you get it like you want it.  Each time you run it, the currently installed macros will be updated, if appropriate, to match the file.  If you add many macros, you may need to increase the buffer size (see Step 2, above).  If you are having trouble with a particular macro, put it in its own batch file to install and test it.  When it works, add it to the MACROS.BAT file.

(7)  When you have the MACROS.BAT file like you want it, add the following line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file:

CALL MACROS

This will automatically run the batch file for you when you start your computer.  Don't forget to put this line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file below the line specified in Step 2, above.

Coming right up are explanations of each of the 19 macros.  The ^ character indicates a control character.  For example, ^L means the Control L character, which is the one to send a formfeed to a printer.  Also, each of these macros, except one, begins with an m, for macro.  This is so the macro names should not conflict with utility and batch file names.

Here they are...

format

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY FORMAT=REM FORMAT is disabled

Usage at DOS prompt...

FORMAT any parameters or switches

Comments:  Disables the format command for unaware users.  When FORMAT is entered, the macro enters rem format is disabled instead of doing a format.  To actually use the format command, begin it with a space, like this:  " FORMAT".  Then, DOS ignores the format macro and executes the actual format command.

mbeep

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MBEEP=ECHO ^G

Usage at DOS prompt...

MBEEP

Comments:  ^G is the beep character.  This macro echos ^G to the display, thus causing a beep.

mclear

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MCLEAR=MODE CO80

Usage at DOS prompt...

MBEEP

Comments:  Mode co80 is a DOS command which resets the display to a color 80-column mode.  It clears the display while doing so.  Use this when unpolite programs leave your display with 40 columns or weird colors, or anytime when you want to clear clutter from your display.

mdate

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MDATE=ECHO ^C$BDATE

Usage at DOS prompt...

MDATE

Comments:  Displays the date via the DOS DATE command.  Echoing ^C to the DATE command interrupts the command when a new date is requested, saving the user the effort of pressing [image] to do this.  The $b stands for the | pipe character.  If this command were entered from the DOS prompt, it would look like this: ECHO ^C|DATE.

mdir

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MDIR=DIR $1/AD/ON/P$TPAUSE$TDIR $1/A-D/ON/P

Usage at DOS prompt...

MDIR [DRIVE:][PATH][FILENAME]

Comments:  Displays a customized directory.  It is in three parts:  (1)  a directory command which displays directories in alphabetical order; (2) a pause; and, (3) a second directory command which displays files in alphabetical order.  $1 is a variable which specifies the drive, path, and filename, if any.  $T separates the commands.

mfilelist

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MFILELIST=CHKDSK V$BMORE

Usage at DOS prompt...

MFILELIST

Comments:  Displays a list of all of the files on a disk, including their directories.

mfind

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MFIND=FOR %%x IN ($2) DO FIND $1 %%X $3$4$5$6$GTEMP$TTYPE TEMP$BMORE

Here is the same usage, again, in a format which can be word-wrapped and printed...

DOSKEY MFIND=FOR %%X IN ($2) DO FIND $1 %%X $3$4$5$6$GTEMP$TTYPE TEMP$BMORE

Usage at DOS prompt...

MFIND "String" [DRIVE:][PATH]FILENAME [/V][/C][/N][/I]

Comments:  The DOS find command does not use the * and ? wildcard characters.  But, this macro can change that.  $1 is a variable which contains the string to search.  $2 is a variable which contains the drive and path, if any, and the filename (including wildcards) of the files to be searched.  $3, $4, $5, and $6 are variables which contain the find switches, if any.  The macro is in two parts:  (1) searches each file for the string, saving the output to a TEMP (for temporary) file; and, (2) the TEMP file is TYPEd with the MORE filter.  $G is the redirection symbol (>).  $T separates the commands.  $B is the | pipe character.  Note:  The DOS manual shows the switches coming before the string, but for the macro to work, the switches must come after the string and the filename.

mformfeed

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MFORMFEED=ECHO ^L$GPRN

Usage at DOS prompt...

MFORMFEED

Comments:  Sends a formfeed character (^L) to the printer.  $g means the > character.  From the DOS prompt, this command looks like this:  ECHO ^L>PRN.  Some people shorten formfeed to ff.  However, some people also shorten file finder to ff.  So, formfeed is spelled out, here, to avoid a conflict.

mhelp

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MHELP=DOSKEY/MACROS

Usage at DOS prompt...

MHELP

Comments:  Displays a list of the currently active macros.

mlinefeed

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MLINEFEED=ECHO ^J$GPRN

Usage at DOS prompt...

MLINEFEED

Comments:  Sends a linefeed character (^J) to the printer.  $G means the > character.  From the DOS prompt, this command looks like this:  echo ^J > PRN.  Some people shorten linefeed to lf.  Some printers will not print a line of text because the enter character has not been sent to the printer.  The mlinefeed macro will have the line printed in these situations.

mlinefeed8

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MLINEFEED8=FOR %%X IN (X X X X X X X X) DO ECHO ^J$GPRN

Usage at DOS prompt...

MLINEFEED8

Comments:  Sends eight line feeds to the printer via the for/in/do command.  %%X is a variable used just to count, and nothing else.  The eight x's in parentheses causes %%X to count to eight (an additional x, for example, would cause it to count to nine).  The linefeed character (^J) is sent to the printer each time.  $G stands for the > redirection symbol.  Some printers stop printing with some of the text too low to read.  MLINEFEED8 moves the text up high enough to read it.

mmd

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MMD=MD $1$TCD $1

Usage at DOS prompt...

MMD [DRIVE:]PATH

Comments:  Makes a new directory and moves to it.  $1 is the drive, if any, and path of the new directory. $T separates the commands.

mmem

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MMEM=MEM/D$BMORE$TPAUSE$TMEM/C$BMORE

Usage at DOS prompt...

MMEM

Comments:  Sends a better mem display.  First, the old debug display is shown and then the new classify display is shown.  $B stands for the | pipe character.  $T separates the commands.

mparent

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MPARENT=CD..

Usage at DOS prompt...

MPARENT

Comments:  For those who cannot remember if it is one or two dots to move to the parent directory.  (Child is one syllable and is one dot; parent is two syllables and is two dots.)  Nonetheless, MPARENT goes to the parent directory.

mprint

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MPRINT=TYPE $1$GPRN$TECHO ^L$GPRN

Usage at DOS prompt...

MPRINT [DRIVE:][PATH]FILENAME

Comments:  Prints a file with the type command.  $1 is a variable which specifies the drive and path, if any, and the filename.  $G is the > redirection symbol.  $T separates the commands.  ECHO ^L$GPRN sends a formfeed character (^L) to the printer.

mroot

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MROOT=DIR \ /AD/ON/P

Usage at DOS prompt...

MROOT

Comments:  Displays the directories in the root directory.

mtime

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MTIME=ECHO ^C$BTIME

Usage at DOS prompt...

MTIME

Comments:  Displays the time.  The ^C character is sent to avoid having to press [image].  %B is the | pipe character.

mtype

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MTYPE=TYPE $1$BMORE

Usage at DOS prompt...

MTYPE [DRIVE:][PATH]FILENAME

Comments:  How many times have you typed a file to see it go flying off the top of the screen?  Then, you have to retype it with the MORE filter.  MTYPE includes MORE every time.  $1 is a variable which contains the drive and path, if any, and the filename.  $B is the | pipe character.

mwhereis

Usage in batch file...

DOSKEY MWHEREIS=DIR1/S$BMORE

Usage at DOS prompt...

MWHEREIS FILENAME

Comments:  Finds filenames on a disk.  This is done with the directory command with the /S switch to include subdirectories.  $1 is the filename to be searched for.  The more filter is used in case there are many such filenames in different directories.  The $B is the | pipe character.

Definitions

For information on redirection and the >, >>, <, and | symbols, see DOS redirection.

The following DOS commands have been mentioned and can be referred to: CHKDSK, DATA, DIR, ECHO, FIND, FOR, FORMAT, MD, MEM, MODE, MORE, REM, and TYPE.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

*
?
^
Alphabetical
ASCII
AUTOEXEC.BAT
Batch File
Buffer
Character
Code
Command
Computer
Control Character
Debug
Directory
Disk
Display
DOS
DOS Command
DOS Prompt
DRIVE:
Editor
File
FILENAME
Filter
Format
Macro
Memory
Parameter
RAM
Redirect
Parameter
Parent Directory
PATH
Pipe
Printer
Reboot
Root Directory
String
Switch
Text
Variable
Wildcard

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


What Is DOS?

DOS Is a Collection of Programs
Which Operate Your Computer

To the casual computer user, MS-DOS is the DOS prompt, which often looks like C:>, but can have different appearances.

To the experienced user, MS-DOS is a variety of commands, many of which are programs, themselves.

To the programmer, MS-DOS is a collection of subroutines, called interrupts.

As you can imagine, MS-DOS can be different things to different people.  Like the story of the three blind men and the elephant:  One felt the trunk, another a leg, and another the tail; and, each one had a different idea of what the elephant was.

For example, some books on MS-DOS don't even mention that interrupts exist!

MS-DOS is sometimes compared to a traffic cop which directs the flow of information in a computer.  Another comparison is that MS-DOS is like the conductor of an orchestra in that MS-DOS conducts the various parts of a computer.  A third comparison is that MS-DOS is like a railroad yard manager which directs the flow of programs.

All of the above comparisons are correct, bu too simple; MS-DOS does much more than direct or conduct.  MS-DOS is in fact like an entire railway system . . .

Just as a railway system handles people and cargo, MS-DOS handles you and computer files.

MS-DOS is Software

A computer without software is as intelligent as scrap metal.

As soon as a computer is turned on, it must immediately have instructions to know what to do.  These first instructions are supplied by the manufacturer on a ROM (read-only memory) chip inside the computer.

On most computers, MS-DOS is located on one or more disks.  The ROM instructions first look in the A: drive and then on a hard drive (if one exists).  Once MS-DOS is found on a disk, parts of it are loaded into memory.  Then MS-DOS takes over.

(However, on some Tandy computers, MS-DOS is located on a ROM chip in the computer.  If so, control of the computer is transfered to the MS-DOS code on the ROM chip.)

MS-DOS Is a System

When the computer is running, parts of MS-DOS are in different places. These parts build on each other to form a structure of programs which operate your computer.

Although the parts are scattered about in your computer's memory, it is easiest to imagine how your software works together by imagining that it builds from the bottom up.

On the bottom of this structure is the ROM BIOS.  The initials BIOS stand for Basic Input/Output System.  This is the fundamental software that runs the various components of your computer.

On top of this are the BIOS interrupts.  These are subroutines which MS-DOS and other programs can use.  Interrupt just means i we interrupt this software to run some other software.

Next are the MS-DOS interrupts.  These are additional subroutines which are available to programmers.

The DOS Prompt is next and at the top of this structure are the application programs.

Think of these different parts as being building blocks which construct your operating system.  Here is an illustration to help your imagination...

All of these different parts interact and build on each other to operate your computer.

MS-DOS Is Evolution

MS-DOS was not an inspiration created by a single person overnight.  First, it was influenced by both Unix, an operating system for mainframes, and CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers), the most popular operating system for small computers at the time.  Also, the founders of Microsoft, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, wrote a version of BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symoblic Instruction Code) which, itself, included an operating system.

Besides these influences, Gates and Allen started with an operating system that already existed, called 86-DOS, named for the 8086 computer chip.  They purchased 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products for $50,000 and rewrote it into MS-DOS.

Besides, Gates and Allen, other apparent contributers to writing MS-DOS were Tim Paterson, the author of 86-DOS, and Kay Nishi and Bob O'Rear.

Incidentally, 86-DOS was also know as 86-QDOS, for Quick and Dirty Operating System.

A Train Depot

The DOS prompt is like a train depot.  It is where a program (a "journey") normally begins and ends.  If you travel on a train, you go to the depot and tell the clerk where you want to go.

Likewise, at the DOS prompt, you indicate to MS-DOS what program (journey) you wish to embark on.

The Standard

The standard DOS prompt usually looks like C:>, although it can have different appearances.

The purpose of the DOS prompt is to let you know that you should do something, such as enter a command or enter a keyword to start a program.

MS-DOS uses a special word to indicate which disk drive is active.  This special word is default.  When you enter a command or a keyword, the default disk drive is the one which will be used unless you specify otherwise.  The default disk drive is sometimes called the current disk drive, because it is the disk drive which is currently active.

The standard DOS prompt has a letter and a pointer (>).  The letter indicates which disk drive is the default.  The pointer means to "enter your command or keyword here."

Thus, C:> means "the C disk drive is the default, enter your command or keyword here."

So far, the phrase "standard DOS prompt" has been used.  That is because the DOS prompt can be changed to almost anything.  Unless the computer is instructed otherwise, the standard DOS prompt is used.

The Essence?

To lots of people, the commands are the essence of MS-DOS.

Some people learn a handful of MS-DOS commands and think that is all there is to it.  Actually, MS-DOS has over 100 commands, some of which are quite simple and others which are extremely complex.

These commands were made to cover a wide variety of situations.  Some of them you may want to use every time you turn on your computer.  Others, you will never have a practical need for.

When you begin studying commands, you should consider four things...

1)  What versions of MS-DOS have which commands.  Not all versions have all the commands.

2)  Whether a command is internal or external.  An internal command is kept internally in memory and is readily available.  An external command is kept externally from memory must be found on a disk and loaded.

3)  The syntax of commands.  Just as the words of a sentence are written in a certain order, called the syntax, MS-DOS commands must also be written a particular way.  This is probably the most difficult part of learning MS-DOS.  Often, it is extremely frustrating to figure out how to do it right.

4)  Whether a command is actually needed.  A typical way of attempting to learn MS-DOS is to go through the commands in, say, alphabetical order and to try to learn each one.  This usually results in giving up in frustration.  Thus, SunShine not only gives you the specifics on how to enter commands, but also gives recommendations on if and when particular commands should even be used.

Return to the Table of Contents.


DOS Redirection

Redirection is the changing of where input comes from and where output goes to.

By default, input comes from the console and output goes to the console.  The console is abbreviated CON and consists of the keyboard for input and the video monitor for output.

Files can be used in redirection.  Device names which can be used in redirection are...

AUX Auxiliary.

COM1 Communications 1.

COM2 Communications 2.

COM3 Communications 3.

COM4 Communications 4.

CON Console.

LPT1 Line printer 1.

LPT2 Line printer 2.

LPT3 Line printer 3.

NUL Null.

PRN Printer.

Redirection is accomplished with the following four codes:

(1)  <  Left Angle Bracket.  It means get it from here.  Here is an example of its usage with the  SORT command...

SORT < FILE1.TXT

...which SORTs the lines from the FILE1.TXT file and displays them on the video monitor.

(2)  >  Right Angle Bracket.  It means put it here.  Here is an example of its usage...

SORT < FILE1.TXT > FILE2.TXT

...which SORTs the lines from the FILE1.TXT file and places them in the newly created FILE2.TXT file.  If a FILE2.TXT file already exists, it is overwritten.

A common usage of > is to print directory listings with the DOS DIR command, like this...

DIR > PRN

...where PRN stands for the printer.  Instead of the directory listing being displayed on the video monitor, it is sent to the printer.  However, beware that if the listing pauses a screenful at a time, it will print one screenful's worth and stop without any warning on the video monitor.  Just press a key each screenful to keep it printing.

(3)  >>  This means to append it here.  It is used like >, but adds the new information to the end of a file rather than creating a new file.  For example, with...

SORT < FILE1.TXT >> FILE2.TXT

...if the FILE2.TXT file already exists, the new output is added to the end of it.  If it did not already exist, a new FILE2.TXT file is created with the new information.

(4)  |  Pipe.  It means to send the output to another program, so the output from one program becomes the input for another program.  For example, with...

DIR | SORT

...the ouput from the DIR command is sent to the SORT command, where the lines are sorted, and then sent to the default output, the console, which is the video monitor.

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

COM
Console
Device
File
Input
LPT
Output
Program
Sort
Video Monitor

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


DOS Interrupts

Many interrupts, in hexadecimal notation, are listed below.  Technical programming explanations are currently beyond the scope of HAC DOS.  For more information on interrupts, consult another source of your choice.

Interrupt	Name	     Version	     Replacement

20	Terminate Program	1.0	21-4C
21-00	Terminate Process	1.0	21-4C
21-01	Character Input with Echo	1.0	21-3F
21-02	Character Output	1.0	21-40
21-03	Auxiliary Input	1.0	21-3F
21-04	Auxiliary Output	1.0	21-40
21-05	Print Character	1.0	21-40
21-06	Direct Console I/O	1.0
21-07	Direct Console Input	1.0
21-08	Character Input Without Echo	1.0
21-09	Display String	1.0	21-40
21-0A	Buffered Keyboard Input	1.0	21-3F
21-0B	Check Keyboard Status	1.0
21-0C	Flush Buffer, Read Keyboard	1.0
21-0D	Disk Reset	1.0
21-0E	Select Disk	1.0
21-0F	Open File with FCB	1.0	21-3D
21-10	Close File with FCB	1.0	21-3E
21-11	Find First File	1.0	21-4E
21-12	Find Next File	1.0	21-4F
21-13	Delete File	1.0	21-41
21-14	Sequential Read	1.0	21-3F
21-15	Sequential Write	1.0	21-40
21-16	Create File with FCB	1.0	21-3C
21-17	Rename File	1.0	21-56
21-19	Get Current Disk	1.0
21-1A	Set DTA Status	1.0
21-1B	Get Default Drive Data	1.0	21-36
21-1C	Get Drive Data	2.0	21-36
21-1F	Get Default DPB	5.0
21-21	Random Read	1.0	21-3F
21-22	Random Write	1.0	21-40
21-23	Get File Size	1.0	21-42
21-24	Set Relative Record	1.0	21-42
21-25	Set Interrupt Vector	1.0
21-26	Create New PSP	1.0	21-4B-00
21-27	Random Block Read	1.0	21-3F, -42
21-28	Random Block Write	1.0	21-40, -42
21-29	Parse Filename	1.0
21-2A	Get Date	1.0
21-2B	Set Date	1.0
21-2C	Get Time	1.0
21-2D	Set Time	1.0
21-2E	Set/Reset Verify Flag	1.0
21-2F	Get Disk Transfer Address	2.0
21-30	Get Version Number	2.0
21-31	Terminate and Stay Resident	2.0
21-32	Get DPB	5.0
21-33	GetCNTR-C Check Flag	2.0
21-34	Address of InDOS Flag	2.0
21-35	Get Interrupt Vector	2.0
21-36	Get Disk Free Space	2.0
21-38	Get/Set Country	2.0
21-39	Create Directory	2.0
21-3A	Remove Directory	2.0
21-3B	Change Current Directory	2.0
21-3C	Create File with Handle	2.0
21-3D	Open File with Handle	2.0
21-3E	Close File	2.0
21-3F	Read File or Device	2.0
21-40	Write File or Device	2.0
21-41	Delete File	2.0
21-42	Move File Pointer	2.0
21-43	Get/Set File Attributes	2.0
21-44-00	Get Device Data	2.0
21-44-01	Set Device Data	2.0
21-44-02	Get Control Data, Character	2.0
21-44-03	Send Control Data, Character	2.0
21-44-04	Get Control Data, Block	2.0
21-44-05	Send Control Data, Block	2.0
21-44-06	Check Input Status	2.0
21-44-07	Check Output Status	2.0
21-44-08	Check if Device Removable	3.0
21-44-09	Check if Device Remote	3.1
21-44-0A	Check if Handle is Remote	3.1
21-44-0B	Change Sharing Retry Count	3.1
21-44-0C	Generic I/O Control for Handles	3.2
21-44-0C-45	Set Iteration Count	3.3
21-44-0C-4A	Select Code Page	3.3
21-44-0C-4C	Start Code-Page Preparation	3.3
21-44-0C-4D	End Code-Page Preparation	3.3
21-44-0C-5F	Set Display Mode	4.0
21-44-0C-6A	Query Selected Code Page	3.3
21-44-0C-6B	Query Prepare List	3.3
21-44-0C-7F	Get Display Mode	4.0
21-44-0D-40	Set Device Parameters	3.2
21-44-0D-41	Write Track on Logical Drive	3.2
21-44-0D-42	Format Track on Logical Drive	3.2
21-44-0D-46	Get Media ID	4.0
21-44-0D-60	Get Device Parameters	3.2
21-44-0D-61	Read Track on Logical Drive	3.2
21-44-0D-62	Verify Track on Logical Drive	3.2
21-44-0D-66	Get Media ID	4.0
21-44-0D-68	Sense Media Type	5.0
21-44-0E	Get Logical Drive Map	3.2
21-44-0F	Set Logical Drive Map	3.2
21-44-10	Query IOCTL Handle	5.0
21-44-11	Query IOCTL Device	5.0
21-45	Duplicate File Handle	2.0
21-46	Force Duplicate File Handle	2.0
21-47	Get Current Directory	2.0
21-48	Allocate Memory Block	2.0
21-49	Free Memory Block	2.0
21-4A	Resize Memory Block	2.0
21-4B	Load and Execute Program	2.0
21-4B-05	Set Execution State	5.0
21-4C	Terminate Process	2.0
21-4D	Get Return Code of Child	2.0
21-4E	Find First File	2.0
21-4F	Find Next File	2.0
21-54	Get Verify Flag	2.0
21-56	Rename File	2.0
21-57	Get/Set Date/Time	2.0
21-58	Get/Set Allocation Strategy	3.0
21-58-02	Get Upper-Memory Link	5.0
21-58-03	Set Upper-Memory Link	5.0
21-59	Get Extended Error Information	3.0
21-5A	Create Temporary File	3.0
21-5B	Create New File	3.0
21-5C	Lock/Unlock File Region	3.0
21-5D-0A	Set Extended Error	4.0
21-5E-00	Get Machine Name	3.1
21-5E-02	Set Printer Setup	3.1
21-5E-03	Get Printer Setup	3.1
21-5F-02	Get Assign-List Entry	3.1
21-5F-03	Make Assign-List Entry	3.1
21-5F-04	Cancel Assign-List Entry	3.1
21-62	Get PSP Address	3.0
21-63	Get Lead Byte Table	2.25	Obsolete
21-65-01	Get International Information	3.3
21-65-02	Get Pointer to Uppercase Table	3.3
21-65-04	Get Filename Uppercase Table	3.3
21-65-06	Get Collating Sequence Table	3.3
21-66-01	Get Code Page	3.3
21-66-02	Select Code Page	3.3
21-67	Set Handle Count	3.3
21-68	Commit File	3.1
21-6C	Extended Open/Create	4.0
22	Terminate Address	1.0
23	Control-C Handler	1.0
24	Critical-Error Handler	1.0
25	Absolute Disk Read	1.0	21-44-0D-61
26	Absolute Disk Write	1.0	21-44-0D-41
27	Terminate and Stay Resident	1.0	21-31
2F	Multiplex Interrupt	2.0

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

BIOS Interrupts

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


Other DOS Files

Here is a listing of other files included with DOS.

Filename	Version	Size

APPNOTES.TXT	5.0	8,369
Notes about running applications on DOS 5.0.

AUTOEXEC.BAT	4.01	39
AUTOEXEC.BAT	5.0	36
AUTOEXEC.BAT	6.0	38
AUTOEXEC.BAT	6.2	38
AUTOEXEC.BAT	6.22	38
The AUTOmatically EXECuted BATch file which runs every time the computer is started.  A small one is distributed with DOS, but it can be customized by you and programs.

AV.GRP	6.0	1,299
AV.GRP	6.2	1,299
AV.GRP	6.22	1,299
A Windows group.

BK.GRP	6.0	1,303
BK.GRP	6.2	1,303
BK.GRP	6.22	1,303
A Windows group.

BKAV.GRP	6.0	2,520
BKAV.GRP	6.2	2,520
BKAV.GRP	6.22	2,520
A Windows group.
BKUD.GRP	6.0	2,524
BKUD.GRP	6.2	2,524
BKUD.GRP	6.22	2,524
A Windows group.
BKUDAV.GRP	6.0	3,741
BKUDAV.GRP	6.2	3,741
BKUDAV.GRP	6.22	3,741
A Windows group.
CGA.GRB	5.0	2,106
CGA.GRB	6.0	2,106
CGA.GRB	6.2	2,106
CGA.INI	5.0	12,226
CGA.INI	6.0	11,878
CGA.INI	6.2	11,878
CONFIG.SYS	4.01	96
CONFIG.SYS	5.0	13
CONFIG.SYS	6.0	13
CONFIG.SYS	6.2	13
CONFIG.SYS	6.22	13
For CONFIGure SYStem.  Used each time the computer is turned on.  A small one is included with DOS, but it can be customized by you and programs.

DMDRVR.BIN	6.0	21,186
DMDRVR.BIN	6.2	21,186
DMDRVR.BIN	6.22	21,186
EGA.GRB	5.0	3,260
EGA.GRB	6.0	3,260
EGA.GRB	6.2	3,260
EGA.ICE	6.0	73,404
EGA.ICE	6.2	73,404
EGA.INI	5.0	12,231
EGA.INI	6.0	11,882
EGA.INI	6.2	11,882
EGAMONO.GRB	5.0	3,030
EGAMONO.GRB	6.0	3,030
EGAMONO.GRB	6.2	3,030
HERC.GRB	5.0	2,155
HERC.GRB	6.0	2,155
HERC.GRB	6.2	2,155
IFSFUNC.EXE	4.01	21,739
IO.SYS	2.1	4,763
IO.SYS	3.2	16,369
IO.SYS	4.01	33,337
IO.SYS	5.0	33,430
IO.SYS	6.0	40,470
IO.SYS	6.2	40,566
IO.SYS	6.22	40,774
Provides input/output services.

IOSYS.HDR	6.2	70
KEYBOARD.ICE	6.0	22,192
KEYBOARD.ICE	6.2	22,192
MONO.GRB	5.0	305
MONO.GRB	6.0	304
MONO.GRB	6.2	304
MONO.INI	5.0	10,602
MONO.INI	6.0	10,110
MONO.INI	6.2	10,110
MONOUMB.386	6.0	8,783
MONOUMB.386	6.2	8,783
MONOUMB.386	6.22	8,783
For MONOchrome of the Upper Memory Block with a 386 chip.  It moves super VGA (video graphics array) code here during Windows to save on conventional memory.  See README.TXT (6.2) on how to install this.

MSDOS.SYS	2.1	17,024
MSDOS.SYS	3.2	28,477
MSDOS.SYS	4.01	37,376
MSDOS.SYS	5.0	37,394
MSDOS.SYS	6.0	38,138
MSDOS.SYS	6.2	38,138
MSDOS.SYS	6.22	38,138
The DOS kernel.  This is the heart of the operating system.

MSTOOLS.DLL	6.0	13,424
MSTOOLS.DLL	6.2	13,424
MSTOOLS.DLL	6.22	13,872
Subroutines for DOS commands for Windows.

MWGRAFIC.DLL	6.0	36,944
MWGRAFIC.DLL	6.2	36,944
MWGRAFIC.DLL	6.22	36,944
Subroutines for DOS commands for Windows.

NETWORKS.TXT	6.0	23,444
NETWORKS.TXT	6.2	23,444
NETWORKS.TXT	6.22	19,951
Information about networks.

OS2.TXT	6.0	6,358
OS2.TXT	6.2	6,358
OS2.TXT	6.22	6,358
Information about OS/2.

PACKING.LST	5.0	2,404
PACKING.LST	6.0	7,471
PACKING.LST	6.2	6,761
A list of the files distributed with DOS.

README.1ST	5.0	452
Information about DOS.

README.NOW	6.2	11,928
Information about DOS.

README.TXT	4.01	17,825
README.TXT	5.0	10,858
README.TXT	6.0	61,857
README.TXT	6.2	76,705
README.TXT	6.22	86,838
Information about DOS.

SPATCH.BAT	6.0	1,303
SPATCH.BAT	6.2	1,303
SPATCH.BAT	6.22	2,930
For Swap file PATCH BATch file.  Makes a Windows 3.0 permanent swap file compatible with DOS 6.0.  See the README.TXT file for how to do this.

SSTOR.SYS	6.0	37,260
SSTOR.SYS	6.2	37,260
SSTOR.SYS	6.22	37,260
A device driver for a Speed STOR partition on a hard drive.  If you need this, the SETUP program will let you know.

UD.GRP	6.0	1,303
UD.GRP	6.2	1,303
UD.GRP	6.22	1,303
A Windows group.

UDAV.GRP	6.0	2,520
UDAV.GRP	6.2	2,520
UDAV.GRP	6.22	2,520
A Windows group.

VGA.GRB	5.0	4,421
VGA.GRB	6.0	4,421
VGA.GRB	6.2	4,421
VGAMONO.GRB	5.0	4,430
VGAMONO.GRB	6.0	4,430
VGAMONO.GRB	6.20	4,430
WINA20.386	5.0	9,349
WINA20.386	6.0	9,349
WINA20.386	6.2	9,349
WINA20.386	6.22	9,349
Allows Windows to take advantage of the 386 chip's better memory management.  A20 probably refers to the Address bus Line 20.

XBIOS.OVL	6.0	3,926
XBIOS.OVL	6.2	3,926
XBIOS.OVL	6.22	3,926
XMA2EMS.SYS	4.01	29,211
An expanded memory manager.


This is the way to get explanations of what the descriptions of the commands mean.  More.


SAMPLE
SAMPLE	"SAMPLE command"

Type	DOS prompt command.
Location	External.
Versions	MS-DOS 3.2, PC-DOS 3.3.
Value to Beginners	High.
Comments	Helps explain how DOS commands are explained.

Microsoft Help.

Try out this command.

Compare with... (similar DOS commands may be shown here).

Unix also has... (similar Unix commands may be shown here).

Filename	Version	Size
SAMPLE.COM	4.01	413
SAMPLE.EXE	5.0	17,898
Parameter	Version	Purpose
/S	4.0-5.0	S stands for Sample..

If you have the HAC Glossary installed on your system, the following is defined.  Otherwise, if you select it, you will get an error message and stay here.  (It does not hurt to try.)

Batch File
Byte
Command
CON
CONFIG.SYS
DIrectory
DOS
DOS Command
DOS Prompt
Extension
External
File
Filename
Internal
Microsoft
MS-DOS
Paramter
PC-DOS
Program
Unix
Utility
Windows

To obtain the HAC Glossary, see After.


Select highlighted words for explanations.


This is the actual command name.  It may be a full word, an abbreviation, or only an acronym.  If it is an external command, then a file with the same name (for example, SAMPLE.COM or SAMPLE.EXE) will be present in the DOS directory.  Some people, by tradition, write DOS commands in all capital characters (as in, SAMPLE).  However, most people actually enter the commands at the DOS prompt in all lowercase characters (as in, sample).  You will have to learn to tell by the context in which it is used whether a word is a DOS command.


This is the name of the command.  It may or may not be exactly the same as the command, itself.  Most commands are either abbreviations or acronyms of their names.


Commands can be of four possible types:  (1) DOS prompt commands; (2) DOS commands for Windows; (3) CONFIG.SYS commands; and, (4) batch file commands.


This is where the command is located.  Two choices are possible:

1.  Internal:  The command is a part of DOS, itself, and does not exist in a separate file.

2.  External:  The command exists as a file on its own, which is located in the DOS directory.  The file will have an extension of .COM or .EXE, as in SAMPLE.COM or SAMPLE.EXE.  If this file is not available, then the command will not work.  External commands are actually programs, themselves.  They are called utilities by some people.


These are the versions of DOS where the command first appeared.  Unless indicated differently, the command has existed in every version of DOS since then.  Commands have evolved in three different ways:

1.  PC-DOS:  For IBM Personal Computer DOS.  These are commands which appeared only on IBM versions of DOS.

2.  MS-DOS:  For Microsoft DOS.  These are commands which  appeared only on non-IBM versions of DOS.

3.  DOS:  These are commands which appeared on both IBM and non-IBM versions of DOS.

Some commands appeared in PC-DOS and MS-DOS both, but in different version numbers.  In the sample, the command appeared in MS-DOS versions 3.2 and greater, and PC-DOS versions 3.3 and greater.  Another way of saying this would be that it appeared in MS-DOS version 3.2 and DOS versions 3.3 and greater.


This is the value of the command to beginners in the opinion of the author.  Many DOS commands are never needed, and one of the most difficult parts of learning DOS is knowing where to start.  Trying every command in alphabetical order is a mistake which is guaranteed to end in frustration.  Instead, try the easiest and most useful commands, first.  Commands are classified as being as high, moderate, or poor value to beginners.


This is just a short phrase to give some idea of what the command is about.  It is not intended to be a complete and scientific definition.  For detailed information, see Microsoft Help.


This table shows examples of filenames and file sizes for a sampling of DOS versions for each command.  If a command is internal, it does not have its own filename, and this table does not appear.

In most cases, the filename is the name of the command plus a .COM or .EXE extension.  For example, the SAMPLE command would probably have a SAMPLE.COM or SAMPLE.EXE filename.  Note that the filenames can change from version to version.

However, some commands, such as DOSSHELL, consist of several files and several filenames are listed.


This is the version of DOS that the sample filename and file size were taken from.  Note that a wide variety of versions of DOS have been on the market over the years and not all are included here.  Just a sampling.


This is the size in bytes of the sample file.


If Microsoft Help exists for this command, then selecting this item take you temporarily to Microsoft's help system.  It may be Microsoft's DOS help system or Windows help system, whichever is appropriate for the command.  If help is not available, you will get an error message and stay here.


The command will be attempted to be run.  If it is not available, you will get an error message and stay here.


All sample parameters are listed here with what versions they appear in and short explanations of what they are for.  Parameters entered in capital letters should be entered as they appear.  For example, CON, means to enter CON.  Lowercase parameters represent something else.  For example, xxx means to enter something in place of the x's.  The explanation details what can be entered.


DOS Versions

MS-DOS has been changed many times.  The original and each change is called a version.  These versions are numbered with the original being 1.0 and the most recent (as of this writing) being 6.2.

Here is a summary of the versions:

Version 1.0	1981	The first.

Version 1.1	1982	Slight improvements.

Version 1.25	1982	For non-IBM computers.

Version 2.0	1983	For hard drives, 360K floppy disks.

Version 2.1	1983	For smaller (half-height) drives.

Version 2.11	1983	For international support.

Version 3.0	1984	For 1.2MB floppy disks.

Version 3.05	1984	For non-IBM computers.

Version 3.1	1985	For networks.

Version 3.2	1985	For 3.5-inch floppy disks.

Version 3.3	1987	For 1.44MB floppy disks.

Version 4.0	1988	Graphical interface (DOS Shell).

Version 4.01	1988	Improved memory handling.

Version 5.0	1991	Several commands added.

Version 6.0	1993	DoubleSpace added.

Version 6.2	1993	DoubleSpace improved.

Version 6.21	1994	DoubleSpace removed.

Version 6.22	1994	DriveSpace added.

Here are the file dates and times for the versions used as examples...

Version	Date	Time	Installed Size
2.1	10-20-83	12:00p
3.3	02-02-88	12:00a
4.01	11-30-88	12:00a	1,544,498
5.0	04-09-91	5:00a	2,040,807
6.0	03-10-93	6:00a	6,143,937
6.2	09-30-93	6:20a	6,054,970
6.22	05-31-94	6:22a	6,577,770

What follows is a comprehensive listing of all of the commands and parameters added and deleted in every version of DOS from 1 to 6.2

DOS 1.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

CHKDSK
COMMAND
COPY +/A/B/V
DATE
DEBUG
DEL
DIR /P/W
EDLIN
ERASE
EXE2BIN
FORMAT /S
LINK
PAUSE
REM
REN
RENAME
SYS
TIME
TYPE

PC-DOS 1.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

BASIC
BASICA
COMP
MODE
c = 80; 132
l = 6; 8
LPTn
LPTn: = 1; 2; 3
SELECT

MS-DOS 1.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

GWBASIC

PC-DOS 1.1

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

MODE
COMm
COMm: = 1; 2
LPTn
LPTn: = 1; 2; 3
Serial Port:
b = 110; 150; 300; 1200; 2400; 4800; 9600;
COMm
COMm: = 1; 2
d = 7; 8
p = e; n; o
s = 1; 2

DOS 2.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

ANSI
BACKUP /A/D:date/L/L[:pathname]/M/P/S/T:time
BREAK OFF; ON
BUFFERS
CD
CHDIR
CLS
CTTY
DEVICE
DISKCOPY
ECHO OFF; ON
EXIT
FC /B/C/W
FILES
FIND /C/N/V
FOR
GOTO
GRAPHICS
IF
MD
MKDIR
MORE
PATH
PRINT /B:size/C/M:ticks2/P 2.0/T 2.0
PROMPT
RD
RECOVER
RESTORE /A:date/B:date/E:time/L:time/M/N/P/S
RMDIR
SET
SHELL
SHIFT
SORT /+n/R
VER
VERIFY OFF; ON
VOL

Parameters Added

CHKDSK /F/V
COMMAND /C/P
EDLIN /B
FORMAT /O/V

PC-DOS 2.0

Parameters Added

MODE
display-adapter = 40; 80; BW40; BW80; CO40; CO80; MONO
shift = l; r
t

MS-DOS 2.1

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

COUNTRY /xx

DOS 3.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

ASSIGN
ATTRIB +A-A+R-R
FCBS
GRAFTABL
JOIN /D
KEYB xx = dv; fr; gr; it; sp; uk
LASTDRIVE
SHARE /F:space/L:locks

Parameters Added

COUNTRY /xxx = 001; 031; 032; 033; 034; 039; 041; 044; 045; 046; 047; 049; 061; 358; 972
GRAPHICS /R
PRINT /D:device/Q:qsize/S:ticks3/U:ticks1

Parameters Dropped

COUNTRY /xx

PC-DOS 3.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

COUNTRY

Parameters Added

GRAPHICS /B
type = COLOR1; COLOR4; COLOR8; COMPACT; GRAPHICS

DOS 3.1

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

LABEL
SUBST /D

DOS 3.2

Parameters Added

COMMAND /E:nnnnn
DISKCOMP /1/8
DISKCOPY /1
DRIVER /C
/D:n = 0-255
/F:n = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7
/H:n = 1-99
/N
/S:n = 1-40
/T:n = 1-999
DRIVPARM /C/D:number/F:factor/H:heads/N/S:sectors/T:tracks
FC /A/L/LBn/N/T
FDISK
FORMAT /1/4/8/B/N:sectors/T:tracks
GRAPHICS /F/P=port
MODE p
RAMDRIVE /A/E
DiskSize = 16-4096
NumEntries = 3-1024
SectorSize = 128; 256; 512; 1024
REPLACE /A/D/P/R/S/W
STACKS
TREE /F
XCOPY /A/D:date/E/M/P/S/V/W

Parameters Dropped

FORMAT /O

DOS 3.2

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

APPEND
KEYB xx =  dv; fr; gr; it; sp; uk
MODE
display-adapter = 40; 80; BW40; BW80; CO40; CO80; MONO
shift =  l; r
t
c = 80; 132
l = 6; 8
LPTn
LPTn: = 1; 2; 3
COMm
COMm: = 1; 2
LPTn
LPTn: = 1; 2; 3
b = 110; 150; 300; 1200; 2400; 4800; 9600
COMm
COMm: = 1; 2
d  = 7; 8
p = e; n; o
s = 1; 2

Parameters Added

GRAPHICS /B/C
type = COLOR1; COLOR4; COLOR8; COMPACT; GRAPHICS

DOS 3.3

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

CALL
CHCP
FASTOPEN
NLSFUNC
PRINTER
hwcp = 437; 850; 860; 863; 865
LPTx = 1; 2; 3
n
PRN
type = 4201; 4208; 5202

Parameters Added

APPEND /E/X
BACKUP /F
COUNTRY
/xxx =  002; 003; 351; 785; 972
/yyy =  437; 850; 860; 863; 865
GRAFTABL /STATUS
xxx = 437; 850; 860; 863; 865
KEYB
/yyy = 000; 058; 103; 120; 129; 141; 142; 143; 150; 153; 155; 159; 163; 166; 168; 171; 172; 189
xx = be; cf; dk; su; la; nl; no; po; sv; sf; sg; us
yyy = 437; 850; 860; 863; 865
MODE
CP
CODEPAGE
CP PREPARE
CODEPAGE PREPARE = 437; 850; 860; 863; 865; 4201.CPI; 5202.CPI; EGA.CPI; LCD.CPI
CP SELECT
CODEPAGE SELECT
device = CON; LPT1; LPT2; LPT3; PRN

Parameters Dropped

BACKUP /P
GRAPHICS /C/F
XCOPY /D:date

DOS 3.3

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

APPEND

DOS 3.3

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

COMP
SELECT

DOS 4.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

DISPLAY
hwcp = 437; 850; 860; 863; 865
m
n = 0-12
type = CGA; EGA; LCD; MONO
DOSSHELL
HIMEM
INSTALL
MEM /DEBUG/PROGRAM
SWITCHES
TRUENAME

Commands (and Their Parameters) Dropped

BASIC
BASICA

Parameters Added

ANSI /X
APPEND /PATH:OFF/PATH:ON/X:OFF/X:ON
ATTRIB /S
BACKUP /F:size = 160; 160K; 160KB; 180; 180K; 180KB; 320; 320K; 320KB; 360; 360K; 360KB; 720; 720K; 720KB; 1200; 1200K; 1200KB; 1.2; 1.2M; 1.2MB; 1440; 1440K; 1440KB; 1.44; 1.44M; 1.44MB
BUFFERS /X
COUNTRY
/xxx = 081; 082; 086; 088
/yyy = 932; 934; 936; 938
DEL /P
DRIVER
/D:n = 0-127
/F:n = 0 or 7
/S:n = 1-99
DRIVPARM /I
ERASE /P
FASTOPEN /X
FORMAT
/F:size = 160; 160K; 160KB; 180; 180K; 180KB; 320; 320K; 320KB; 360; 360K; 360KB; 720; 720K; 720KB; 1200; 1200K; 1200KB; 1.2; 1.2M; 1.2MB; 1440; 1440K; 1440KB; 1.44; 1.44M; 1.44MB
/V:label
GRAFTABL
/STA
?
GRAPHICS
/LCD
/PB:id
/PRINTBOX:id = STD; LCD
type = GRAPHICSWIDE; THERMAL
MODE /STA/STATUS
CP PREP=
CODEPAGE PREPARE = 932; 934; 936; 938; 4208.CPI
CP REF
CODEPAGE REFRESH
CP SEL=
Device Status: = CON; PRN; LPT1; LPT2; LPT3
m = 40; 80
n = 25; 43; 50
cols=c
lines=l
retry=r
r = b; e; n; none; r
baud=b
b = 600; 19,200
COMm: = 3; 4
data=d
d = 5; 6
parity=p
p = m; s
retry=r
r = b; e; none; r
stop=s
s = 1.5
con
con:
delay=d = 1; 2; 3; 4
rate=r = 1-32
RAMDRIVE NumEntries = 4-1024
REPLACE /U
SELECT MENU
TREE /A

Parameters Dropped

DRIVER
/D:n = 0-255
/F:n = 0; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7
/N
/S:n = 1-40
GRAPHICS /P=port
KEYB
/yyy
xx = dv
MODE p
RAMDRIVE NumEntries = 3-1024

MS-DOS 4.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

EMM386

DOS 5.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

DELOLDOS /?
DEVICEHIGH
DOS HIGH LOW NOUMB UMB
DOSKEY /?/BUFSIZE=size/H/HISTORY/INSERT/M/MACROS/OVERSTRIKE/REINSTALL
EDIT /?/B/G/H/NOHI
EGA
HELP /?
LH /?
LOADFIX /?
LOADHIGH /?
MIRROR /?/L/PARTN/Tdrive[-entries]/U
QBASIC /?/B/EDITOR/G/H/MBH/NOHI/RUN
SETUP /?/B/F
SETVER /?/D/DELETE/QUIET
UNDELETE /?/ALL/DOS/DT/LIST
UNFORMAT /?/J/L/P/PARTN/TEST/U

Commands (and Their Parameters) Dropped

GWBASIC
LINK
SELECT MENU

Parameters Added

ANSI /K
APPEND /? 5.0
ASSIGN /?/S/STA/STATUS
ATTRIB /?+H-H+S-S
BACKUP /?/F:size = 2880; 2880K; 2880KB; 2.88; 2.88M; 2.88MB
BREAK /?
CALL /?
CD /?
CHCP /?
CHDIR /?
CHKDSK /?
CLS /?
COMMAND /?/MSG
COMP /?/A/C/D/L/N=number
COPY /?
CTTY /?
COUNTRY
/xxx = 036; 038; 042; 048; 055
/yyy = 852
DATE /?
DEBUG ?
DEL /?
DIR /?/A/Aattributes/A:attributes/AA/A-A/AD/A-D/AH/A-H/AR/A-R/AS/A-S/B/L/O/Osortorder/O:sortorder/OD/O-D/O:D/O:-D/OE/O-E/O:E/O:-E/OG/O-G/O:G/O:-G/ON/O-N/O:N/O:-N/OS/O-S/O:S/O:-S/S
DIRCMD environment variable
DISKCOMP /?
DISKCOPY /?/V
DISPLAY
hwcp = 852
n = 0-6
DOSSHELL /?/B/G/T
DRIVER /F:n = 9
ECHO /?
EDLIN ?
EMM386 /? AUTO OFF ON W=OFF W=ON
ERASE /?
EXE2BIN /?
EXIT /?
FASTOPEN /?
FC /?
FDISK /?
FIND /?/I
FOR /?
FORMAT /?
/F:size = 2880; 2880K; 2880KB; 2.88; 2.88M; 2.88MB
/Q/U
GOTO /?
GRAFTABL /? xxx = 852
GRAPHICS /? type = DESKJET; HPDEFAULT; LASERJET; LASERJETII; PAINTJET; QUIETJET; QUIETJETPLUS; RUGGEDWRITER; RUGGEDWRITERWIDE; THINKJET
HIMEM /A20CONTROL:OFF/A20CONTROL:ON/CPUCLOCK:OFF/CPUCLOCK:ON
/HMAMIN=m = 0-63
/INT15=xxxx = 0 and 64-65535
/MACHINE:xxxx = 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; ACER1100; AT; AT2; AT3; ATT6300PLUS; CSS; FASTHP; HPVECTRA; PHILIPS; PS2; PT1CASCADE; TOSHIBA; TULIP; WYSE; ZENITH
/NUMHANDLES=n = 1-128
/SHADOWRAM:OFF
/SHADOWRAM:ON
IF /?
INSTALL /?
JOIN /?
KEYB /?/E
xx = br; cz; sl; hu; pl; yu
yyy = 852
LABEL /?
MD /?
MEM /?/C/CLASSIFY/D/P
MKDIR /?
MODE /?
CODEPAGE PREPARE=(yyy file) = 852
cols=c = 40; 5.0
con
con:
lines=n = 25; 5.0; 50
r = p
COMm: = 3; 4
b = 11; 15; 30; 60; 12; 24; 48; 96; 19
MORE /?
NLSFUNC /?
PATH /?
PAUSE /?
PRINT /?
PRINTER hwcp = 852
PROMPT /?
RAMDRIVE
NumEntries = 2-1024
SectorSize = 128; 256; 512
RD /?
RECOVER /?
REM /?
REN /?
RENAME /?
REPLACE /?
RESTORE /?/D
RMDIR /?
SET /?
SHARE /?
SHIFT /?
SORT /?
SUBST /?
SWITCHES /K
SYS /?
TIME /? A P
TREE /?
TYPE /?
VER /?
VERIFY /?
VOL /?
XCOPY /?

Parameters Dropped

DISPLAY n = 0-12
GRAFTABL ?
KEYB /ID:yyy = 000; 058; 103; 129; 143; 150; 153; 155; 159; 163; 166; 168; 171; 172
MODE
m = 40; 80
n = 25; 43; 50
RAMDRIVE
NumEntries = 4-1024
SectorSize = 128; 256; 512; 1024

DOS 6.0

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

CHOICE /?/Ckeys/C:keys/N/S/Tc,nn/T:c,nn
DBLSPACE /?/ALL/CHK/CHKDSK/COM/COMPRESS/CR/CREATE/DEFRAGMENT/DEL/DELETE/F/FORMAT/INFO/L/LI/LIST/MO/MOUNT/N/NEW/NEWDRIVE/RA/RATIO/RE/RES/RESERVE/SI/SIZE/UNMOUNT
DEFRAG /?/B/BW/F/G0/H/LCD/Ssortorder/S:sortorder/SD/S:D/S-D/S:-D/SE/S:E/S-E/S:-E/SN/S:N/S-N/S:-N/SS/S:S/S-S/S:-S/Skiphigh/U
DELTREE /?/Y
FASTHELP /?
INCLUDE
INTERLNK /?
INTERSVR /?/B
/BAUD:rate = 9600; 19200; 38400; 57600; 115200
/COMaddress/COM:address/COMn/COM:n/LPTaddress/LPT:address/LPTn/LPT:n/RCOPY/V/X=drive
MEMMAKER /?/B/BATCH/BATCH2/SESSION/SWAP:drive/T/UNDO/W:size1,size2
MENUCOLOR
MENUDEFAULT
MENUITEM
MOUSE
MOVE /?
MSAV /?/25/28/43/50/60/A/BF/BW/BT/C/F/FF/IN/L/LCD/LE/MONO/N/NF/NGM/P/PS2/R/S/VIDEO
MSBACKUP /?/BW/LCD/MDA
MSCDEX /?/D:drivename/E/K/L:letter/M:number/S/V
MSD /?/B/Ffilename/I/Pfilename/S/Sfilename
MWAV
MWBACKUP
MWUNDEL
NUMLOCK OFF ON
POWER /? ADV:MAX ADV:REG ADV:MIN STD OFF
SMARTDRV /?/B:buffersize/C
/E:elementsize = 1024; 2048; 4096; 8192
/F/L/N/Q/R/S/U/V/X drive+ drive- InitCacheSize WinCacheSize
SMARTMON
SUBMENU
VSAFE /?/Ax/Cx/D/N/NE/NX
on = 1+; 1-; 2+; 2-; 3+; 3-; 4+; 4-; 5+; 5-; 6+; 6-; 7+; 7-; 8+; 8-

Commands (and Their Parameters) Dropped

ASSIGN /?/S/STA/STATUS
BACKUP /?/A/D:date/F
/F:size = 160; 160K; 160KB; 180; 180K; 180KB; 320; 320K; 320KB; 360; 360K; 360KB; 720; 720K; 720KB; 1200; 1200K; 1200KB; 1.2; 1.2M; 1.2MB; 1440; 1440K; 1440KB; 1.44; 1.44M; 1.44MB; 2880; 2880K; 2880KB; 2.88; 2.88M; 2.88MB
/L/L[:pathname]/M/S/T:time
COMP /?/A/C/D/L/N=number
EDLIN ?/B
EXE2BIN /?
GRAFTABL /?/STA/STATUS
xxx =  437; 850; 852; 860; 863; 865
JOIN /?/D
MIRROR /?/L/PARTN/Tdrive[-entries]/U
PRINTER
hwcp =  437; 850; 852; 860; 863; 865
LPTx = 1; 2; 3
n
PRN
type =  4201; 4208; 5202
RECOVER /?

Parameters Added

ANSI /R
COMMAND /K
COUNTRY /xxx =  038; 038; 038; 042; 042
DEBUG /?
DELOLDOS /B
DIR /C/CH/OC/O-C/O:C/O:-C
FC /nnnn
HELP /B/G/H/NOHI
HIMEM /EISA
/MACHINE:xxxx =  15; 16; 17; BULLMICRAL; DELL; IBM7552
/V/VERBOSE
LH /L:region,minsize/S
LOADHIGH /L:region,minsize/S
MEM /F/FREE/M programname/MODULE/P/PAGE
RAMDRIVE DiskSize = 4 to 32767
SETUP /E/G/H/I/M/Q/U
SWITCHES /F/N/W
UNDELETE /DS/LOAD/PURGEdrive/Sdrive/STATUS/Tdrive-entries/UNLOAD

Parameters Dropped

COUNTRY /xxx = 042
DEBUG ?
GRAPHICS type = COMPACT
HIMEM /NUMHANDLES=n = 1-128
RAMDRIVE DiskSize = 16-4096
MEM /P/PROGRAM
UNFORMAT /J/PARTN/U

DOS 6.2

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

SCANDISK /?/ALL/AUTOFIX/CHECKONLY/CUSTOM/MONO/NOSAVE/NOSUMMARY/SURFACE

Parameters Added

COMMAND /Y
COPY /Y/-Y
COPYCMD Environment Variable
COUNTRY /yyy =  857; 861; 869; 737
DBLSPACE /AUTOMOUNT/DOUBLEGUARD/HOST/LASTDRIVE/MAXFILEFRAGMENTS/MAXREMOVABLEDRIVES/ROMSERVER/SWITCHES/UNCOMPRESS
DIR (Commas are placed in numbers during the output to increase readability)
DISKCOPY /M
FORMAT /C
HIMEM /TESTMEM:OFF/TESTMEM:ON
KEYB
/ID:yyy = 161; 179; 274; 275; 319; 333; 440
MODE CODEPAGE PREPARE=(yyy file) =  857; 861; 869; 737; EGA2.CPI
MOVE /Y/-Y
TRUENAME /?
XCOPY /Y/-Y

Parameters Dropped

DBLSPACE /CHK/CHKDSK/L

DOS 6.21

Commands (and Their Parameters) Dropped

DBLSPACE /?/ALL/COM/COMPRESS/CR/CREATE/DEFRAGMENT/DEL/DELETE/F/FORMAT/INFO/LI/LIST/MO/MOUNT/N/NEW/NEWDRIVE/RA/RATIO/RE/RES/RESERVE/SI/SIZE/UNMOUNT
DBLSPACE /AUTOMOUNT/DOUBLEGUARD/HOST/LASTDRIVE/MAXFILEFRAGMENTS/MAXREMOVABLEDRIVES/ROMSERVER/SWITCHES/UNCOMPRESS

DOS 6.22

Commands (and Their Parameters) Added

DBLSPACE /?/ALL/COM/COMPRESS/CR/CREATE/DEFRAGMENT/DEL/DELETE/F/FORMAT/INFO/LI/LIST/MO/MOUNT/N/NEW/NEWDRIVE/RA/RATIO/RE/RES/RESERVE/SI/SIZE/UNMOUNT
DBLSPACE /AUTOMOUNT/DOUBLEGUARD/HOST/LASTDRIVE/MAXFILEFRAGMENTS/MAXREMOVABLEDRIVES/ROMSERVER/SWITCHES/UNCOMPRESS
DRVSPACE /?/ALL/COM/COMPRESS/CR/CREATE/DEFRAGMENT/DEL/DELETE/F/FORMAT/INFO/LI/LIST/MO/MOUNT/N/NEW/NEWDRIVE/RA/RATIO/RE/RES/RESERVE/SI/SIZE/UNMOUNT
DRVSPACE /AUTOMOUNT/DOUBLEGUARD/HOST/LASTDRIVE/MAXFILEFRAGMENTS/MAXREMOVABLEDRIVES/ROMSERVER/SWITCHES/UNCOMPRESS

Parameters Added

COUNTRY
/xxx = 004; 007; 027; 030; 038; 040; 043; 052; 054; 056; 057; 058; 060; 064; 065; 090; 091; 353; 354; 355; 359; 381; 386; 389; 421; 484; 387; 593; 852; 886
/yyy = 855; 862; 864; 866
KEYB
/yyy = 058; 118; 234; 243; 245; 441; 442
xx = bg; gk; is; jp; ro; ru; tr; yc
MODE CODEPAGE PREPARE=(yyy file) =  855; 862; 864; 866; EGA3.CPI